{"id":1881,"date":"2013-07-04T10:07:37","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T03:07:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1881"},"modified":"2013-07-04T10:07:37","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T03:07:37","slug":"cong-nghe-va-viec-lam-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1881","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti, c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c robot \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o n\u1eefa?”<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi em \u1ea5y: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y ch\u1eef. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y ch\u1eef l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00f5 qu\u00e3ng 40 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat. Ng\u00e0y nay, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00e1y ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng ti? Bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e1y ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i n\u00e0o v\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf m\u00e1y ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f5 m\u00e1y. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f5 m\u00e1y ch\u1eef khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c g\u00f5 m\u00e1y ch\u1eef n\u1eefa? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u01b0 k\u00ed hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ng\u1eef, r\u1ed3i Basic, Pascal, C, C++, Java v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u ng\u00e0y nay. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, thay th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG v\u1ec1 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ti h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kinh doanh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 thay th\u1ebf k\u0129 n\u0103ng, KH\u00d4NG thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT l\u00e0 l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 cung. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SaaS) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. V\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i sang h\u01b0\u1edbng theo d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e2n ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed giao t\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, qu\u1ea3n\u00a0 tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i v.v s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i? Bi\u1ebft k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Technology and jobs<\/p>\n

Last week, in the Information System Management class, a student asked: \u201cIf technology is getting more advance, most companies, government offices, and factories will automate their business processes or use robots to replace workers than what kind of job can people do?<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cThere are many job opportunities for people. People will always be ahead of technology because people create technology. When technology changes, people jobs will also change accordingly. Let us look back fifty years ago when people used typewriters. The requirement for a typist job is the ability to type about 40 words per minute. Today, how many of you are seeing typewriter being used in company? How many typist job are being advertised? Probably none because computer have replaced the typewriter and word processor software have replaced the typist. The question is what happened to typists when there is no typist job anymore? Of course, many of them has become secretary or software programmer.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe same thing also happened when the computer was invented. The requirement for computer programmer job is the ability to program in binary code. Eventually, programming languages were invented so we have Assembly language, then Basic, Pascal, C, C++, Java and more advanced programming languages today. As technology advances, people skills will also advance accordingly. Today there are many new technologies and many new jobs. For every new technology, there are hundreds of new jobs created for people. As long as you are willing to learn new skills, you should not worry.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another student asked: \u201cToday, the hot technology is \u201cCloud Computing\u201d that can automates many works that have been performed by IT workers. If a company moves to cloud computing, these workers will no longer be needed. Many cloud computing consultants have stated that cloud computing can help company cuts costs, substitutes automation for inefficient workers, increases profits by laying people off.\u201d<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cThose are misinformation about cloud computing. Cloud computing is about efficiency NOT about replacing people. First, it can help decrease computing cost because company does not have to buy more hardware. Second, it can help company to focus on its main business, and not to worry about information technology. In my opinion, cloud computing is about replacing skills, NOT replacing people. Of course, some lower-skilled IT jobs may be eliminated. People who cannot update their skills to work in a highly automated environment will have difficult time. People who provide supports such as back-up data, installations, data recovery, update applications, manage servers may see that their jobs are switching to the cloud computing service providers. However, IT workers who are willing to learn new skills will have a brighter future. Currently the demand for IT service manager is so great that demand has exceeded supply. I also believe that people who can plan, manage, design and build cloud computing system and applications will be in high demand. Today and in the next few years, Software as a Service (SaaS) and Cloud computing will dominate the IT industry. Many manual skills will be replaced by automation. With automation, the skills will change to more service oriented and these jobs will require at least a college degree or more.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs cloud computing is being implemented in many places, the demand for people who understand cloud computing software will increase. Certain skills such as network design, servers partitioning, disaster recovery, distributed data storage, transactional management, performance testing, system administration, capacity management, financial analyst, Incident management, service management, change management etc. will be needed.\u201d<\/p>\n

As technology continues to change, jobs will evolve and people need to update their skills accordingly. That is why knowing what will change? Knowing what skills are needed today and tomorrow is very important. As long as you are willing to learn new things, updating your skills then you should not worry.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1881"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1882,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1881\/revisions\/1882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}