{"id":1862,"date":"2013-07-04T09:50:29","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1862"},"modified":"2013-07-04T09:50:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:50:29","slug":"co-so-ve-tinh-toan-may","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1862","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5”. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti t\u00f4i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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D\u0110\u00e1p: \u201cT\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thay v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qua m\u1ea1ng (\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00a0Internet). V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n “thu\u00ea” thay v\u00ec “mua” ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec3n giao qua internet d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mua ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00f3m CNTT mua m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f3m CNTT l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m, chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec nh\u00f3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1edfi v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed CNTT t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u00e0. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y: Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SaaS)”. N\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 e-mail, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u00a0Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p Supply Chain Management (SCM) v\u00e0 L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) v.v. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). N\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef tr\u00ean internet. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf “nhu c\u1ea7u”. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 N\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). N\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00fac b\u1ea9y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 l\u01b0u k\u00ed c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 IBM, Microsoft, Google, Oracle, Amazon v.v. \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 hai c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y chung v\u00e0 m\u00e2y ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u00e2y chung, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 theo ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 theo s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n mua ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e2y chung s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u00e2y ri\u00eang, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00e2y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m CNTT ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. V\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cloud computing Basics<\/p>\n

A manager asked me: \u201cThere are many consultants promoting \u201ccloud computing\u201d and \u201csoftware as a service\u201d. They all say that they can help my company save money. I am not sure about their promises and confused about these terminology. Could you explain it in the basic thing possible?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: \u201cCloud computing\u201d is a marketing term that explain the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product. Everything you need such as software, hardware, and resources can be provided by a service provider company to your company over a network (typically the Internet). Basically you \u201cRent\u201d instead of \u201cBuy\u201d computing software, hardware and resources based on your own usage and it may save you some money.<\/p>\n

With cloud computing, your company can get almost everything deliver over the internet based on a fee for services. With cloud computing, you do not have to buy hardware, software or hire information technology people to support your company\u2019s computing needs. Almost everything you need can be provided and supported by the service provider company.<\/p>\n

For many years, to take advantage of information technology, company would have to create an information technology (IT) group to manage hardware, software and provide supports to the business. The IT group buys computers, servers, infrastructures, and software. They install software, update software, back up data and maintain servers etc. Therefore the IT group is a cost to the company. If they mismanage, the cost can grow out of control and it reduces profit of the company. By having another company provides this IT service instead of your own group, you can reduce the cost because the overall IT cost is distributed among several customers. Service providers can optimized their services better than the in-house group. According to several studies, this trend is happening now and it will continue to grow worldwide because the cost reduction needs.<\/p>\n

There are three types of cloud computing services: The most popular is the \u201cSoftware-as-a-Service (SaaS). It focuses on providing customers with business-specific software services such as e-mail, office document supports, applications such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) etc. The second type is known as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). It focuses on providing customers with computational infrastructure and storage over the internet. It allows organizations and developers to extend their IT infrastructure on an \u201con-demand\u201d basis. The third type is Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). It focuses on providing application development platforms to allow customers to leverage the resources of established organizations to create and host applications of a larger scale than an individual or small business would be able to handle.<\/p>\n

Today all large software companies such as IBM, Microsoft, Google, Oracle, Amazon etc. are providing some of these capability to customers. There are two perspectives of cloud computing based on who can access resources can be characterized as public cloud and private cloud.<\/p>\n

In public clouds, resources are offered as a service for a pay-per-usage fee, usually over an internet connection. Customers can scale their use on demand and do not need to purchase hardware to use the service. Public cloud companies will manage the infrastructure and resources required by its users.<\/p>\n

In private clouds, resources are deployed inside a firewall and managed by the user organization. It is the user organization that owns the software and hardware infrastructure and that manages the cloud and controls access to its resources. Typically, those resources and services are not shared outside the organization. This is similar to having your own IT group managing the computing need. Since it is inside your company, it is more secure.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y” v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5”. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1863,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1862\/revisions\/1863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}