{"id":1860,"date":"2013-07-04T09:49:25","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1860"},"modified":"2013-07-04T09:49:25","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:49:25","slug":"lo-hong-ki-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1860","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 “ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7” \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n t\u00f4i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng trong kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, c\u1ea3 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i trong t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi \u201cH\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin M\u0129\u201d d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 1.6 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi \u201cNh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Thung l\u0169ng Silicon\u201d \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf California cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nam M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u00ec cung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi? T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7? Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd cho t\u00f4i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 M\u0129 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1edfi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “L\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u nhanh”. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, kinh doanh v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e1i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh “anh ch\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t” l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, r\u1ea5t \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1\u00a0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “n\u00f3ng” g\u00ec n\u1eefa m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. Cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa hay \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cM\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng, qu\u00e3ng hai tr\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, qu\u00e3ng 40% sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u1ec3n sang khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, vui \u0111\u00f9a h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd, khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u0103m nom cho h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n”. Kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video, qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u00e2m v\u00e0o r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m. V\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2000 t\u1edbi 2007, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 cao v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ea1y theo b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng theo k\u0129 n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9; h\u1ecd sao ch\u00e9p b\u00e0i l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nhau. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf l\u1edbp v\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn thi c\u1eed. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee9 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kinh doanh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n kinh doanh sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 2008, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c gia (NASSCOM) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng 75% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u0129 c\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cao, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sinh vi\u00ean thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 khi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Khi thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Georgetown li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ngh\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9m v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, \u00edt c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Kh\u1ea3o\u00a0 c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t cho ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i sao thanh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00f3? B\u1ed1n n\u0103m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0 kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng y hay qu\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Cho d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, \u00edt c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u01a1n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 internet b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Skill gaps<\/p>\n

There are many studies of “technology economic development” that sit on my desk in the past few years that I could not count. These studies all conclude that there are tremendous skill-gaps in the high-tech economy, both in the U.S and all over the world. These gaps are the main reason for the slowing down in the growth of high-tech companies and the world economy.<\/p>\n

One study by the \u201cInformation Technology Association of America\u201d predicts that in 2012, there will be over 1.6 million new IT jobs created nationally but about two third of these jobs will go unfilled and therefore, have to be outsourced to another countries. Another study by the \u201cSilicon Valley Software Group\u201d estimates that there are six jobs in California for every computer science and software engineering graduates. A study by the India government estimates that India is experiencing significant shortage of skilled software workers. Currently, many Indian companies have to open offices in Africa and South America to find software workers. Another study in China stated that the country needs more software workers to maintain its global position and to continue its grow since its manufacturing sector is slowing down. All across the world, software skills are in such high demand because not enough supply to meet growing demand.<\/p>\n

In a world full of unemployment people and graduates that could not find jobs, my question is why these studies go unnoticed? Why shouldn\u2019t people pay attention to the technology job market? Why shouldn\u2019t government encourage more students to study technology? Why are there fewer students in technology area? So I contact friends for answers and some of them gave me their opinions.<\/p>\n

An U.S Professor explained: \u201cIn the past ten years, young people are motivated by the \u201cGet rich quick\u201d trend. Many want to study Finance, Banking, Business and Stock market as they could make more money. The image of banking millionaires driving expensive cars with beautiful girls is more attractive than the image of \u201cGeeks\u201d work alone in front of the computer. Software is also considered a skill that will be outsourced to China and India so many students avoid it as they are afraid that when graduate, they may not have jobs. That is why in the past ten years, very few students enroll in computer field. With the financial crisis, some students begin to realize that finance, banking and stock market trading careers are not that \u201chot\u201d anymore but it is too late now. Even some start to enroll in computing fields but perhaps it may takes another ten years or so to fill up the number of needed computer workers in industry.\u201d<\/p>\n

A professor in China told me: \u201cEach school year, my school has about five hundred students enroll in computer science. Within six months, about two hundred of them switch to another areas because they say computer is too difficult. We estimate that on the average, about 40% of students study computer science, software engineering and information system management switch to other areas. Many of them prefer something easier, more fun, and do not require a lot of study. Of course, with easy fields of study, many of them cannot find jobs after they graduated. In China, most students live at home with their parents, when they cannot find jobs, the family is still taking care of them. Many become spoiled and have the \u201cdo not care\u201d attitude. Without jobs, they have more time to go to video games parlors, coffee houses, learned bad habits, and many get into troubles. Today the number of unemployed students has reached several million each year and that is a major issue to our society.\u201d<\/p>\n

A professor in India explained: \u201cIn India, everybody know that software is the desirable career. However, we have good schools and bad schools. It is difficult to get into good schools because they are very selective but anyone with money can get into bad schools because it is easier. During 2000 to 2007, the IT outsourcing industry grew quickly, demand for software workers was high and anyone with a software degree could get a job. That resulted in many students went after degree, not skills. Bad schools grew fast with millions of student enrollments. Some students do not study hard; they copy each others\u2019 works. Many cut classes and cheat on exams. Of course, the school knows but they do not care. As long as student pay, they let them pass courses. To them education is just a business and nothing more. To the students, education is just a payment for the degree and nothing more. During that time, there were many workers without skills in industry. But the software industry quickly learned based on high number of failed projects and customers\u2019 threats to take the business to other countries. In 2008, the National Association of Software and Service companies (NASSCOM) issued a warning that 75% of software graduates do not possess the basic skills to work in the industry. Many software companies quickly took actions. They begin to selected graduates carefully with intense interviews and skill tests. To meet high demand, many companies open their own schools to train students instead of rely on local schools. Of course, they are also very selective. That helped reduce the numbers of failed project and maintain the position of the industry with global customers. Today India still has shortage of skilled software workers but at the same time it also has a large numbers of unemployed software workers too. It is very disappointed when degree becomes the goal and not the skills. When young people learn bad habit, it is difficult to change. That is why in India we have many young people having software degrees but no jobs.\u201d<\/p>\n

Last week, I received another study from GeorgetownUniversity regarding the future job market. It showed a growing disconnect between available jobs and those with the skills to fill them. It found that students without a college education would have only limited career choices in manufacturing, construction, distribution, and sales. These jobs are global distributed, it is difficult to maintain them for long. Companies will continue to move factories to wherever they can find cheaper labor workers. Construction workers would have to relocated wherever there are major building sites and live in bad conditions with low salary, as there are more people willing to work than jobs. Distribution, transportation and sales also share similar situations of low wages, poor working conditions, less works as the numbers of people seeking these kinds of work is more than the number of job available. The study concluded that only technology area and healthcare are good areas to be in today and the future. According to the report, the fastest growing area is information technology with the highest salary, highest number of job opportunities but it requires an investment of four years in college.<\/p>\n

If this area is so promising, why young people do not want to put in efforts to pursue it? Four years of study is not too long. Nobody say it is easy but information technology is not as difficult as medical school or too abstract like physics. I wonder whether students know about this global skills shortage but with the internet, mobile phone it is impossible to say that they do not know. In the past, there were many obstacles, students had to study under adverse conditions but many still did well. Even there were fewer textbooks, less tools but many still graduated. Today, there are better conditions, better schools, better programs, more information, more textbooks, better computers, and higher bandwidth internet but somehow students are not motivated. This is a question that I do not have an answer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 “ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7” \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n t\u00f4i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1860"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1861,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860\/revisions\/1861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}