{"id":1846,"date":"2013-07-04T09:38:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:38:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1846"},"modified":"2013-07-04T09:38:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:38:36","slug":"nen-kinh-te-dua-tren-tri-thuc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1846","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 “n\u1ed9i dung” c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thay v\u00ec v\u1eadt l\u00ed. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n tr\u00ean 70% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129. (V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 d\u1eabn con s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 76% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u0129 trong khi U\u1ef7 ban kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00ean t\u1edbi 68% cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u).<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 mi\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129, y t\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, k\u0129 s\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u1ea3n\u00a0 tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay con s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cho n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang trong thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n th\u1ebf th\u00ec sao sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng xin h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kinh doanh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1eabn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, M\u0129 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean 300,000 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong kinh doanh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p 20,000 trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u1ede m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, M\u0129 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean 40,000 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi 800 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. M\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc CNTT v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i tin l\u00ed do cho vi\u1ec7c \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u00a0s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ea s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 40% sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Singapore, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d n\u01a1i 95% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp internet. B\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh khi h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u1edf l\u1edbp 10. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 huynh h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: “Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.” Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The knowledge-\u200bbased economy<\/p>\n

As the world enters the 21st century, the global economy is becoming a knowledge-based economy. What this means is that the “content” of high-tech products is intellectual rather than physical. Most market studies in the past ten years concluded that in the near future over 70% of jobs require either a bachelor’s or a master’s degree. (The U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics cites a higher figure at 76% for the U.S when the European Economic Council comes up with 68% for European countries).<\/p>\n

The knowledge-based economy employs people with a wide range of educational, some are technical and some are not. However among them, Information technology (IT) is considered the fastest growing and the best jobs for people who only want to invest no more than four years of education. The other careers such as Medical doctor, Pharmacist, Registered Nurse and Healthcare specialist require an investment of more than four years.<\/p>\n

Within the information technology industry, software engineering, computer science, and information system management are highest paid careers. Graduates from these areas can work as software developers, lead engineers, project managers, database administration, network administration, system administration, system architects, information system director, and even Chief Information Officer (CIO) etc. Today the number of students enroll in these fields are much lower than demand so the world is in serious shortage of these skilled workers.<\/p>\n

If these areas are so promising why don\u2019t students study them? The popular explanation is that in the past ten years, most college students prefer to enroll in finance, business, investment banking, and stock market trading with the hope of making more money. This theory cites the U.S Office of Science and Technology reports that each year, the U.S granted over 300,000 bachelor\u2019s degrees in business but only 20,000 in computer science. At the graduate level, the U.S produced over 40,000 lawyers, but less than 800 Ph.D computer scientists. Another theory blames on the belief that many high tech jobs will be outsource to lower cost countries such as India and China so most students do not want to study IT because they afraid that they may not have jobs when graduate.<\/p>\n

However, I believe the reason fewer students study high technology because they are not being prepared earlier. To encourage more students to pursue high tech career, we must start in high school. It is in high school that students build the foundation for science and technology. Without a strong education in math and science, many students will find technology areas difficult and not be able to handle scientific works. The fact that approximately 40% of college students switch from high tech areas to other field of study is clear evidence that many students do not have enough basic foundation to pursue technology careers. If we do not strengthen the current high school education, we are denying opportunity for our children and our future.<\/p>\n

The fact is there are countries that do not have critical shortage of high tech workers. Japan, S. Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan all have plenty of talents to support their high tech industry. A professor in S. Korea told me that they even have surplus of bachelor’s degree workers in electronics, and computer although their high tech industry is still growing fast. S. Korea is known as “the most wired country in the world\u201d where 95% of all household have access to the internet. Broadband connect all schools, education institutions, government offices, hospital, and business and almost everything else. I was surprised to find out that some high school students in S. Korea are already learning programming languages when they are in 10th grade. Furthermore, they have a very strong math and science program in high school. About two third of their training are focusing on math and science. That is why they have high number of college students enrolling in technology areas. It also explains why large and small technology companies are springing up all over this country.<\/p>\n

To support a knowledge-based economy, we need better education system from high school to college as well as lifelong learning. Some parents asked me: “What is the best preparation for a career in Information technology?” I told them: \u201cStart early in math and science.”. Every student today, in order to be competitive, must be a knowledgeable user of information technology and the best way is to have them start early.<\/p>\n

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Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1846"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1847,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1846\/revisions\/1847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}