{"id":1830,"date":"2013-07-03T20:53:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T13:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1830"},"modified":"2013-07-03T20:53:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T13:53:56","slug":"van-de-the-ki-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1830","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1” v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kho\u00e1 k\u00edn trong c\u00f4 l\u1eadp trong 40 n\u0103m, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra anh ta b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 \u201cti vi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ph\u1eb3ng, internet, b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng, laptops, iPhone, Facebook, Twitter v\u00e0 iPad\u201d v.v. Sau nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, anh ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf, nhanh th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 “t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9” m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 li\u00ean thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 cao v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u00ean b\u1edd c\u1ee7a s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111em th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1edbi cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ai \u0111i t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang cho n\u00ean tranh c\u00e3i v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, nh\u01b0ng cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u00edt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u00edt thu\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i hay kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sinh l\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong khi l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ti hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, \u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn d\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u00edt c\u00f4ng ti h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v.v. \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00e0o l\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y quan li\u00eau cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Thu\u1ebf cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u logic nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i “c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. V\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i qui. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. V\u1eady vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u t\u1edbi? Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. B\u1edfi v\u00ec to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 internet, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho n\u00ean internet l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kinh doanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ch\u00ed ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111em vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kinh doanh. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. Khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, gi\u1ea7y d\u00e9p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i “k\u0129 n\u0103ng” l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c giao t\u00e1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, kinh doanh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n tin r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2007 n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c \u201cChi\u1ebfm ph\u1ed1 Wall\u201d ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 kinh qua khi c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng giao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng robot n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh v\u00e0 giao t\u00e1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra nh\u1eefng robot n\u00e0y, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u00a0robot n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, y h\u1ecdc, d\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa, v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u0129 ra ngo\u00e0i “h\u1ed9p” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n t\u1edbi s\u00e1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec7m k\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u00e1m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd kinh qua l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, li\u00ean thu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 cho kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t “ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7-s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi “t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9” nhanh th\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The 21st century problem<\/p>\n

When the world enters the 21st century, it faces a phenomenon called \u201cglobalization\u201d and it changes the world\u2019s economy significantly. Globalization creates a lot of uncertainties and confusions because people never encounter something like this so they do not know how to deal with it. What people do not know is globalization is rooted in technology and it is information technology that enables the movement of ideas and products around the world.<\/p>\n

There was a story about a prisoner who has been lock up in isolation for 40 years, when released he was so shock about \u201cFlat screen TV, internet, broadband, laptops, iPhone, Facebook, Twitter and iPad\u201d etc. After several weeks in freedom, he requested to return to prison because he could not cope with so many changes of modern society. Whether the story is true or not is not important. The main issue is technology has changed so much, so fast, and impacts so many things and globalization is the \u201ctotal impact\u201d that the world is experiencing now.<\/p>\n

With globalization, everything in the world is connected and interdependent. An event in one place can impact others and spread to the entire world. Today, there are a lot of frustrations with the economy where unemployment is high and job is difficult to find. Many countries are on the verge of economic collapse. There are demonstrations everywhere demanding governments to fix the economy, creates more jobs, and bring prosperity to people. Government leaders have met and discussed but no one came up with any solution yet. There are many economic theories, everyone believes that they have the right idea so the debate is ongoing, but so far nothing has happened.<\/p>\n

Business theory states that business is the main source of employment. The best way to improve the economy is allowing private companies to do their own things with less government control, less taxes, and less rules so they can expand the business and hire more people. In theory it is good. In practice, it also means company can invest in overseas factories or outsource works to lower cost countries because it is more profitable. In that case, business does create more jobs but in other countries while reducing jobs at home.<\/p>\n

Technology theory states that technology is the main source of employment. The best way to improve the economy is to invest more in technology. By doing that, it allows company to be more efficient, better productivity so it can sell products cheaper and compete better in the global market. In theory, it is good. In practice, efficiency and productivity lead to a reduction, not the creation of jobs.<\/p>\n

Financial theory states that large company is the source of employment. The best way to improve the economy is allowing big companies to use their capital to acquire smaller competitors. By merging many companies into few big ones, they can expand globally, compete better, improve operations, make profits, and hire more people. In theory, it is good. In practice, fewer companies mean fewer jobs, not more.<\/p>\n

Social science theory states that government is the source of creating employment. The best way to improve the economy is expand the government and create jobs. Government can improve infrastructures, building more roads, more bridges, better transportation, etc. which in turn create more jobs. In theory, it is good. In practice, more government spending requires more money which means more taxes at the time the economy is not doing well. Government system is never efficient and full of bureaucracy so it often wastes more than help. Higher taxes could force more companies into bankruptcy, increase unemployment, and destabilize the economy.<\/p>\n

Basically, all of these theories are logical but they are not new. All of them have been implemented in some countries. Sometime it works and some it do not. However, they are all based on the industrial economic theories of the 20th century. People who propose these theories could not think of anything new outside their \u201cView\u201d. That is why the unemployment issue remains unsolved and it is getting worse. My view is solutions based on the 20th century theories cannot solve the problem of the 21st century. For the 21st century problem, people need a 21st century solution.<\/p>\n

If we look deeper, we will find that job creation is NOT the goal of company. Their goal is making profits. The purpose of company is making money not creating jobs. Job creation is NOT the goal of government. Their goal is to govern via constitutions, policies, laws and orders. The purpose of government is protecting the sovereignty of a country, not creating jobs. So where jobs are coming from? Jobs are the product of the market and the law of supply and demand. To create jobs, we must look at market demand. Why jobs are difficult to find today than few years ago? To answer that, we need to look at what globalization has done to the economy. Because globalization is rooted in technology, we must look at the impact of technology first.<\/p>\n

With the advancement of technology such as the internet, many things are automated and connected so internet changes the way people do business significantly. As more companies are using technology, the economy changes because technology provides efficiencies in everything. Competition among companies become fierce and to survive, company has to lower prices. To maintain profit, they also have to lower costs by relocate their factories to lower cost countries. The relocation of factories brings jobs to some countries but also make them depending more on developed countries for business. Therefore all economies are fully connected and interdependent to each other. The victims of manufacturing relocation are labor workers of the developed countries. They had to compete with cheaper labors in Asia and Africa. A lot of jobs have been lost and gone forever. There were a lot of demonstration and protest during that time but the transition is relatively short. When people in lower cost countries get jobs, make more money, they start spending and adopt the lifestyle of people in developed world. Consumerism become the way of life and it helps companies in developed countries develop new industries. When labor intensive industry like clothing, shoes, and toys, crafts move to lower cost countries, electronics and computer industry emerges in developed countries and prospers. People who used to work in labor intensive industry are retrained to work in electronic industry.<\/p>\n

Recently, we are witnessing the second wave of globalization where \u201cSkills\u201d is the main factor. To stay competitive by reducing costs, many companies begin to outsource offices works, business works, financial transaction works, and some software works to countries where skilled workers are available. This wave impacts the educated workers. For the first time in history, college educated people in developed countries have to compete with college educated from developing world. Many of them are unprepared, confused and become angry. For many years, students who study Finance, Banking, Business, stock trading believed that when they graduate, they will have good jobs waiting but now it changed. The financial crisis of 2007 where many banks and financial companies failed was the end of financial jobs but the beginning of a confrontation between educated people and government. The \u201cOccupy Wall street\u201d is only the beginning. In the near future, many skilled workers in developed countries will see that their jobs are disappearing the same way unskilled workers experienced when their factories were moved oversea. More will be angry and no one can predict the consequences.<\/p>\n

Many studies have indicated that jobs of the 21st century will not be unskilled jobs or labor jobs since automation and robots can replace people. The jobs of the 21st century also will not be office jobs, business jobs, finance jobs since these transactions can also be automated by efficient software products. Future jobs and the best jobs are the jobs that create these robots, the jobs that create the software that automate office jobs, business jobs and financial transactions. The future jobs are jobs that design these robots, control these robots, and the jobs that develop new technologies. This is what the market demands. Basically, most future jobs will be focusing on few areas such as technology, biotechnology, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare. Those are the jobs of the 21st century, the jobs that have high demands.<\/p>\n

Currently there is a critical shortage of these skills in every developed country. Unfortunately, politicians and governments do not really understand globalization and its root in technology. Many leaders do not know what kind of jobs are needed because most of them are still relying on economic theories of the 20th century. Many have not be able to think outside of their \u201cBoxes\u201d so they only react and not proactive. Even if they know, many may not want to do it because the solution is to invest in education that focusing on technology to meet the market demands. This will require a long term strategy, because to develop a technological competent workforce will require massive improvement of the entire education system, from elementary to high school and college. That will take a lot of efforts, commitment and time. Politicians have time limit of four to six years before election, they cannot think beyond their terms so few would dare to take a long term approach so the issue remains unsolved. I think in the next few years, all countries, all economies will experience a new wave of technological change, intensified global interdependence, and social problems caused by high unemployment and slow grow economy.<\/p>\n

Since technology is the root cause of this problem and technology can also be the solution. Technology is a destruction force to the economy by increase productivity and reduces jobs. Technology is a creation force of the economy by enhances quality of life and creates new jobs. This \u201cdestruction-creation\u201d nature is the new theory of the 21st century. Technology changes fast so \u201cspeed\u201d will create significant economic changes. Only by understand innovation processes and the importance of technology, we can understand the new economy of the 21st century and globalization. Only by understand globalization and its impact, we can develop a better solution to solve current problem.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1” v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1830"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1832,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions\/1832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}