{"id":1816,"date":"2013-07-03T20:42:20","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T13:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1816"},"modified":"2013-07-03T20:43:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T13:43:42","slug":"to-phan-bo-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1816","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay v\u00ec kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd g\u1eedi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Khi t\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u1ecd g\u1eedi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Malaysia \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. M\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n, th\u00fac b\u1ea9y c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng emails, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o t\u1eeb xa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u1edf thung l\u0169ng Silicon gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do chuy\u1ec3n giao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ecf dang d\u1edf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7”. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng “s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1” \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Microsoft, Google, Oracle, v\u00e0 IBM t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Malaysia v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay, IBM c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 60,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 40,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Microsoft v\u00e0 Google t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 15,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd lan r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ti\u1ebfng Anh hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ngang qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ea1o. S\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Th\u00f3i quen v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c1 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i “c\u00f3” v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd nghe b\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129, “c\u00f3” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129, kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e1p l\u00ed, kinh t\u1ebf, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi t\u1ed5, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u00e0i \u201cd\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. “D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng sau “d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed”, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169 v\u00e0i n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i ho\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u00fat ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n t\u1ed5.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ebfm so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c n\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 \u00edt, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u1eed t\u1eebng ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u00f3m con n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i t\u1edbi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn mang c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn “nh\u00f3m” thay v\u00ec c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn “to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u”. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u “x\u00ea mina to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1” \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 l\u00e0 “xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t cho t\u1ed5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed5, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u0103m l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $30,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m; n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $45,000 cho n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng quay v\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n n\u00e0y khi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7; c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef; c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o CNTT.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Global distribute\u200bd team<\/p>\n

The shortage of skilled workers in Information Technology (IT) industry has changed the way companies are developing software. Today, companies are moving into establishing global distributed teams to build software instead of outsourcing software works. By using workers from all over the world, company can obtain expertise, and skills to improve its productivity, time-to-market, reduce costs and better profits.<\/p>\n

For example, company has a team of requirements engineer\u2019s works directly with customers and users in the U.S to obtain requirements. They send the requirements specification to another team in India to architect and design. When the Indian team completes the design, they send the design specification to China and Malaysia for coding and testing. The code can be sent back to the U.S for integration and release to users. By spreading development to several countries, the project can get the skills they need, leverage different costs in different places, to keep the overall cost reasonable. The software team can use emails, teleconferences, and collaboration tools to exchange information and interaction with each others.<\/p>\n

An executive of a large company in Silicon valley explained: \u201cIn the past, we outsourced software to lower cost countries. Outsourcing has some advantages but also disadvantages. Many outsourced projects failed to deliver on time and had many defects. Outsourcing companies often filed for bankruptcy and left projects unfinished. Most outsourcing companies had limited numbers of skilled workers and often substituted skilled workers with unskilled workers. Some companies even stole our \u201cIntellectual property\u201d. They learned about our product, then build \u201csimilar product\u201d to sell in their country, and indirectly compete with us.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is a new trend emerging in the industry today. Establish global distributed teams. In this case, team members work for our company and we have total control of their works. We avoid the issue with intellectual property and other headaches. You may notice that in the past few years, many large software companies already opened developing centers in other countries, hired local workers to develop software instead of outsourced works. You may find that Microsoft, Google, Oracle, and IBM all have development centers in China, India, and Malaysia etc. Today, IBM has over 60,000 workers in India and 40,000 workers in China. Microsoft and Google all have over 15,000 workers in those countries too. This trend will spread all over the world in the next few years as our IT industry need more skilled workers.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cOur current issue is finding good workers to be part of our distributed team. Sometime we have to partner with local universities to get the needed workers. To find skilled workers, we look at university training programs. We prefer programs taught in English or at least have a lot of language trainings. Language is a major challenge in distributed team across multiple countries. Some workers read well but could not speak well. Other may speak well but may not read well. Cultural habit also is a major issue. For example, Asian workers often say \u201cYes\u201d and it means they hear you, it does not mean they agree with you. To an U.S worker, a \u201cYes\u201d means a complete understanding and agreement. Many Asian workers will not commit to anything unless others in his team agree to do that. To an U.S worker, a non-committal means a weakness and a lack of cooperation. If members cannot understand each other, we will have problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAnother issue is the broad knowledge of workers. Many workers are very good in technical but nothing else. They are hard working but have limited knowledge of the business and global trend. It is difficult to build a team with people who only know one thing. Today IT workers must have both broad and deep knowledge. They must have some knowledge of business, legal, regulatory, economics, global trends, and soft-skills. A worker\u2019s behavior can affect the team, if he is not trained in teamwork and understand business processes, legal and regulatory than we cannot hire them. A wrong person can create great tension on the team and reduce team\u2019s harmony so we are very careful with whom we selected.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTo establish distributed global team in a country. We often start with a few \u201ctest-projects\u201d before fully launching a global center. The \u201ctest-project\u201d is something simple with a lot of interactions to identify issues so we can determine whether the workers and the place are right for us to invest in. Sometime we heard that a country has a lot of skilled workers but after the \u201ctest-project\u201d, we found that their skills were not as good as we expected. When we look at their university trainings, we found that their training programs were several years old. In that case, we stop our exploration and investment there. Today, technology changes fast and many countries have difficulty to adjust to industry\u2019s requirements and it makes our work more difficult. Building a globally distributed team is a major investment because it is a long term strategy. Once we have several working teams in place, we will invest in development center and expand our workforce. If teams work well and the results are good then we will continue to place more works there. If teams have problems, do not get along, cannot work well with others then we pull out and disband the team.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe building of global distributing teams requires a lot of works. It is not easy to build teams when members do not locate in the same place, do not speak the same language, do not share the same culture and have different education trainings. If we over-control it, we can disrupt the effectiveness of the team. Yet if we under-control it, we can lose a project. If we use the right balance of control then we can achieve significant results. That is why we are very selective and carefully testing each place and each individual to make sure that we have the right team members.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe common issue of global distribution team is the emergence of subgroup situation where workers get to know with those they are working with. They tend to stick together and protect each other rather than working as a true global team. It is one of the problems happen when people are still carrying the \u201cGroup\u201d view rather a \u201cGlobal\u201d view. To prevent this we require workers to have a global knowledge and attend several \u201cGlobalization seminar\u201d to understand that today, team is no longer belong to a group, a place, or a country but a \u201ctransnational\u201d to achieve a common goal.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have good reward system for global team to encourage team spirit, collaboration and cooperation. Our reward is given not for finding problems, but for solving problems. We do not reward individual but to everyone on the team. Typically, if the project is successful, we will give each member a bonus equal to half a year of salary. For example, a salary for a Chinese programmer today is about $30,000 a year; if the project succeeds then he will make $45,000 for that year.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTravel is a way to making sure team members feel valued and that their contributions are noticed. Team members feel more valued if they are exposed to and have a relationship with other team members and their manager. We often rotate team member to work in different developing centers in different countries so they can gain strategic information and details about how our company operate that they might not have otherwise gained.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the weaknesses that we learned in the past few years is that most software workers have not been trained in these needed skills while in school. Most university programs only focus on technical but not on cultural, language, teamwork and knowledge that future workers need. Most students, especially students in Asia have good technical knowledge but lack of independent thinking, global knowledge and exposure to other cultural aspects. They need to know that future IT workers will NOT work in one place; future IT workers will NOT speak one language; future IT workers will NOT work in isolation. Today students must be trained to deal with cultural and language issues, working on allocated tasks and manage tasks. They need to learn to communicate better, and function in a team environment where team members come from all over the world. These are the new requirements that should be emphasized in all IT training programs.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1816"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1818,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816\/revisions\/1818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}