{"id":1814,"date":"2013-07-03T20:12:12","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T13:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1814"},"modified":"2013-07-03T20:12:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T13:12:13","slug":"cuoc-chien-tai-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1814","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n t\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tr\u00eau \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng”. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o”. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cThi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cao nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p. M\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, n\u01a1i tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tranh c\u00e3i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn” v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u00ec qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh nhau ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn’ l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i l\u00ednh \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh nhau hay x\u00e2m l\u0103ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2u. Chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kinh doanh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, v.v. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u0129, T\u00e2y \u00c2u, v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 sinh r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 sang M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n \u0111ang m\u1edf ra, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 di tr\u00fa \u0111ang m\u1edf ra cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng khi con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o\u201d n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 qua internet. Con s\u1ed1 \u201cc\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea3o\u201d s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, chi ti\u00eau ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd \u0111em v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u thu nh\u1eadp cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111em l\u1ea1i $97 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 $100 tr\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m nay.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u00f4m nay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang cho ng\u00e0y mai. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111i, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin x\u1ea3y ra. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u1edbi h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf M\u0129 l\u00e0m ra qu\u00e3ng $20 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 $5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n $15 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u0129. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Mexico, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m ra qu\u00e3ng $125 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng anh ta \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m $125 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT l\u00e0 kinh doanh sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thu nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n $100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u thu nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n. V\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00e1c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u201cPh\u00e9p m\u00e0u kinh t\u1ebf\u201d n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea3 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang kinh qua suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. V\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Khi lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tranh c\u00e3i: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sao?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1edbm h\u01a1n \u00f4ng ngh\u0129. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “c\u01a1 s\u1edf may r\u1ee7i” n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean” di tr\u00fa v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh “d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng” n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di tr\u00fa v\u00e0o M\u0129 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 di tr\u00fa. Sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin qui ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec b\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn visa m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o\u201d s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The war of talent<\/p>\n

Last week, I had dinner with a global research scientist. He spends most of his career conduct research on technology trends around the world. He reads more than anybody that I know and has profound knowledge of global economic. He often predicts correctly something before it happens. I always tease him that he should predict lottery number than global technology.<\/p>\n

During our conversation, he said that in the next five years, the world will have a \u201cwar for skilled workers\u201d. Some countries will restrict their educated people from leaving to stop the \u201cBrain drain\u201d issue. He said: \u201cThe skilled workers shortage will be getting worse as demand is high but supply is low. Every government knows that we are living in the information age, where knowledge is the asset for competitive advantage. To promote economic growth, skilled workers are needed and they are in high demand.\u201d<\/p>\n

I argued: \u201cThat is not new. Everybody know about the skilled workers shortage. However, having a \u201cwar\u201d on talent is too much. I do not think countries will go to war just to get skilled workers?\u201d<\/p>\n

He laughed: \u201cI do not mean \u201cWar\u201d as sending in soldiers to fight or invading a country. Future war will be on the economic front such as stop trading, economic sanction, limit business, restrict imports etc. Today, developed countries such as the U.S, Western Europe, and Japan have very low birth rate but high number of aging people. This aging of the population will have dramatic effect on society and the economy. It will impact productivity, and economic growth. To maintain the strong economies, these countries need more knowledge workers so they will change their immigration laws to encourage skilled workers to come to work in their countries. If these workers live there, they pay taxes, improve businesses, grow the economies, and support the aging population.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cHowever, developing countries also need these skilled workers for their own development too. So there will be conflict. Today, hundred thousands of Indian and Chinese left their countries for the U.S and Europe each year. Most are highly skilled professionals. This number will continue to increase as more jobs are opening, more opportunities, and laws on immigration are opening for skilled workers. For countries with billion people like China or India, losing few thousand people is not an issue but when this number go to several hundred thousand or half million then there will be issues. This \u201cbrain drain\u201d issue is currently being discussed by governments in those countries but nothing happen yet.\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cWe are living in a globalized work where workers can work from any places. Today millions of Indian and Chinese software engineers are working for U.S companies but they still live in their countries. Many work from home and connect to U.S companies via the internet. The number of \u201cVirtual workers\u201d will increase more with needs. I do not see any problem with that. From what I know, both Indian and Chinese governments prefer it because these people stay there, pay taxes there, spend money there, create jobs there. They bring in a lot of revenues to their economies. Outsourcing works bring in $97 billion dollars to India in 2010 and could exceed $100 billion this year.\u201d<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cThat is correct today but not tomorrow. You need to look at the evolution of it. In the past, people have to go to find works. Many developing countries let their unskilled people go, whether it is legal or illegal, to seek works in developed countries. These people work mostly on low paying jobs, jobs that even the poorest people of that country do not want. They work hard, save money and send home to their families so it benefits their own country. Then information technology outsourcing happens. It requires skilled workers not unskilled workers but this time it is the jobs that seek people so these people do not have to leave the country because the jobs come to them. This is much better, hundred times better because higher skilled workers make more money than unskilled workers. Today, an unskilled Mexican does farmer\u2019s work in the U.S make about $20 a day. He sends home about $5 because he needs $15 to live in the U.S. The U.S government estimated that Mexican workers, legal or illegal, send home about $5 billion a years. If we look skilled workers than everything changes. An Indian software engineer in outsourcing industry make about $125 a day but he stays in India so the entire money stay there. Imagine a country has several millions workers, each make $125 dollars a day. That is why IT outsourcing is the most profitable business for any country. Twenty years ago, annual revenue for IT industry in India was less than $100 million but today it is $100 billion. That is why Indian has more millionaires and billionaires today than ten years ago. In just a short time, India\u2019s economy grew several times bigger, create more jobs, more revenues. As it grows stronger, with billion dollars in foreign investments each month, it develops more factories, creates more products then export to other Asian countries. Now India is no longer a developing country but emerges as one of the strongest economy and powerful nation in the world. This \u201ceconomic miracle\u201d happened in less than twenty years.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cHowever, developed countries begin to realize that they are helping developing countries to move up and compete with them. Today both the U.S and Europe are experiencing economic depression with high unemployment so they have to restrict this kind of work. Since they still need skilled workers, they will pass laws to encourage these people to come and work in their country, pay taxes in their country and invest in their country. When immigration laws change, many skilled people will leave for better life, better opportunities then it will become an issue.\u201d<\/p>\n

I argued: \u201cBut it has not happened. Is it one of your predictions?\u201d<\/p>\n

He smiled: \u201cNo, it is not a prediction but a fact. It is will happen sooner than you think. Currently both the U.S and European countries are passing open immigration laws to allow more skilled workers to become permanent residence in their countries. In the past, immigration laws were based on a \u201clottery based\u201d where governments allowed limited numbers of people \u201crandomly selected\u201d to immigrate to their countries. Now it has changed into \u201cSkill based\u201d where people can immigrate to the U.S and Western Europe based on their education background. People with degrees in Medical, Information Technology, and Healthcare will receive the highest priority to immigrate. Foreign students who graduated from U.S universities could apply for special status to stay permanently as long as there are companies that will hire them. Of course, students with degrees in medical, healthcare, information technology will not have any problem because of the critical shortage of these skilled workers. Few years ago, there is a quota of few hundred thousand visas per year but now it is changing to allow more, much more highly skilled people to live there. This \u201cbrain drain\u201d phenomenon will create some issues. Of course, some developing countries will have to react. This is what I think is the next conflict.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n t\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1815,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1814\/revisions\/1815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}