{"id":1797,"date":"2013-07-03T18:43:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T11:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1797"},"modified":"2013-07-03T18:43:58","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T11:43:58","slug":"hoc-tu-sai-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1797","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1edb b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o k\u1ebft \u00e1n sinh vi\u00ean khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngu ng\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay v\u00ec cho h\u1ecd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u1ea3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec t\u1eebng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mang \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean qua c\u1ea3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1edfi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng “c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 hai” trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfng trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Khi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o coi cho \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean k\u00e9m. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “gi\u1ecfi hay k\u00e9m” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u00e0 vua. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00e0i quan ch\u1ee9c cho ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m A v\u00e0 A- trong l\u1edbp. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m khoa gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTh\u1ea7y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m cao th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 cho r\u1ea5t \u00edt A, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 B v\u00e0 C. V\u00ec th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u1eddi, th\u1ea7y n\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i. Ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i CMU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng A” t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng A. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i giao, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m B. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. T\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 s\u1eeda sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 coi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi hay k\u00e9m. Kh\u00f4ng ai h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Khi h\u1ecd qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi, khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u00e9m. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y theo “b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p” nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thay v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi hay k\u00e9m. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Learning from mistakes<\/p>\n

We all know that failure is the best teachers. Most of what students learned in school, they learned from their mistakes. You may not remember the test that you did well but you always remember the test that you failed. But instead of using failure as a teaching tool, current education system discourages it as a sign of failure. Some teachers condemn students when they fail as dumb, and cannot succeed rather than giving them a chance to learn from their mistakes. A student is measured by various tests along a course on how well they have mastered the material. Since each test is graded based on its success or failure, and the final grade is determined by the aggregate of each individual grade, failure is preserved and carried with the student throughout the course. The result is that students become failure-adverse, demoralized by failure, and focused more on the grade than the education.<\/p>\n

One way to reverse this trend is by using \u201cA second chance\u201d in education. Students who fail in a test should not suffer the low grade permanently. They simply have to try it again. As long as they learned the materials, they should be considered succeed in master the materials. We must rethink the purpose of grading itself. Most teachers view grading as a process of separating the good students from the bad students. The concept of \u201cgood or bad\u201d was invented in the dynasty era to select a few top people to serve the emperor. We are far away from that time, the purpose of education is no longer select the best and the brightest but to provide student\u2019s knowledge and skills so they can make decision on their own. We are developing citizen for the country, not a few officials to the emperor.<\/p>\n

When I taught at TsinghuaUniversity, many professors were surprised that I gave so many A and A- in the class. The department chairman explained: \u201cYou are so easy to giving top grade, we are the top school and we only give very few A, the rest are B and C. Since you are a visiting professor, you should learn our system.\u201d I told him that I am not an easy professor. My reputation at CMU is one of the toughest professor because when students did not meet an \u201cA quality work\u201d I told them to redo it, and continue to redo it over and over until it is an A-quality work. Only then it is accepted. If students did not complete an assignment, they have to redo it until it is completed and satisfy the quality that I am looking for. I will not accept a B-grade paper. If they do not learn it now, they have to do it again and again until they learn it well.<\/p>\n

I do not consider low grade is a sign of failure or a sign of weakness. I expect great work from my students and require them to keep working, keep learning until they master the subject. If they make mistake, they have to relearn it until they learn it well. We learn more by making mistakes and correcting our mistakes. Today many teachers gave students a grade only and students only look at the grade and consider that they are good or bad students. No one learn anything. When they pass a test, they are good, when they fail a test, they are bad. Grade is considered important to learning. If this continue then students would go after a \u201cdegree\u201d as evidence that they complete the training rather than knowledge that they can apply in their lives.<\/p>\n

I expecting my students to correct their own failures and learn from their mistakes because the purpose of education is to learn. Students go to school to learn not to be good or bad students. To me failure is not an option; it is an opportunity to learn. We need to incorporate failure into our teaching in order to generate more success.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1797"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1797\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1798,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1797\/revisions\/1798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}