{"id":1794,"date":"2013-07-03T17:45:48","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1794"},"modified":"2013-07-03T17:45:48","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:45:48","slug":"mot-ki-thuat-day-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1794","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; kh\u00f4ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ebf v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc; kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft khi h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i; sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u00fang. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v.v. b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, v.v. Khi sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 \u201cPh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc? L\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang? Sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp?\u201d Khi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c pha qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Khi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u00e0n b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng hay trong b\u00e0i PowerPoint. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u01a1n khi n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi – c\u00e1i g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00e0 Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong l\u1edbp h\u00f4m nay? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o? T\u1ea1i sao? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f4m nay g\u1eafn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc? T\u00f4i n\u00ean bi\u1ebft g\u00ec hay c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sau l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay? L\u00e0m sao th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y? L\u00e0m sao? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung? Ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hay c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 logic qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A modern teaching technique<\/p>\n

Many teachers often complain that students do not want to learn and only do the minimum just to pass the course. It may be true to a few but for what I know; no students would go to college just to do the minimum. Sometime they do not see the connection between the activities they study in the course and what will be needed in their future careers. Students often ask: \u201cWhy are we doing this? Why do I need to know this? Why are we spending so much time on this subject? Why do we have to do this work?\u201d<\/p>\n

Many teachers do not like to be asked. Some refer the course content as dictated by direction from above and their job is only to teach. In that case, they miss an opportunity to establish the relevance of course to students. To encourage learning, teacher should regularly discuss the learning outcomes of the course. Not explain it once in the beginning of the course; not explain it when asked but should do it regularly. By doing that, teachers clarify what students will know when they complete the course. If students understand the relevance, the link between what they study and what they will do in the future, they will learn better.<\/p>\n

For example, a teacher can explain that most software companies would require graduates to have knowledge of change management; students need to understand how changes can impact the project if not properly managed. Students must know how to control changes to all configuration items in the project etc. by following a change process or configuration management standard, etc. When students know why the knowledge and skills that they learn in the course are important in their future lives, they will study better.<\/p>\n

Sometime, teachers do not connect the assignments to the learning outcomes. They may think that the connections are so obvious, but that is not always true. Every assignment should be clearly defined in terms of how it should be done, and each assignment should be clearly justified by answering questions such as \u201cHow does this assignment relate to the course outcomes? How will this assignment help fulfill them? What should the student be able to know after completing the assignment? Why was this assignment chosen to achieve the learning outcomes?\u201d When students understand what the assignments are helping them accomplish, they will find the work more meaningful.<\/p>\n

For example, the teacher may explain that the purpose of this course is to learn software project management. By complete the course, students will know about the project management phases, the project management process, the technique to be used and the role of the project manager. In this assignment, students must learn how to estimate the efforts requirements for a project, by knowing the efforts they can estimate the time required and be able to negotiate with customer for a more accurate schedule. When students understand what they need to learn, and how the assignment is linked to the overall outcomes, they will study better.<\/p>\n

Some teacher presents an outline of the day\u2019s material on the board or in a PowerPoint. This is a useful practice that can aid student note taking, but students are even more motivated when the day\u2019s content and activities are placed in the context of the course and their future careers. Students can be motivated more if they see what they study on that day fit into the outcomes of the course. Every day can start with a simple orientation that answers three questions\u2014what? Why? And How? What? What are we doing in class today? What questions will we try to answer? What concepts will we address? What questions will we answer? What activities will we do? Why? Why are we studying this? How are today\u2019s content and activities tied to the course learning outcomes? What should I know or be able to do after today\u2019s class? How can the information and skills be used in everyday life?How? How are we going to address the content? We use lectures or discussion or other activities?<\/p>\n

Today students are very active, if they understand clearly the value, purpose, and procedures for course activities and the logic by which teachers arrived at their design, they are more likely to see the value of what they are being asked to learn and consequently will participate more fully in the course and will learn more.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1794"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1796,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1794\/revisions\/1796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}