{"id":1779,"date":"2013-07-03T17:23:53","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1779"},"modified":"2013-07-03T17:23:53","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:23:53","slug":"qui-trinh-kiem-thu-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1779","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ed7i, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, sau khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n (ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng) r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v.v). Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e3 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. (nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00f4 \u0111un, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng tin” \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 hay to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed “t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n giao di\u1ec7n” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc c\u1ea3 giao di\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi m\u00f4 \u0111un m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i” \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u00f4 \u0111un n\u1ecd sang m\u00f4 \u0111un kia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi th\u1ea9m tra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd cho ch\u1ea1y “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed an ninh” \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m tra b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ecbu c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng” \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t, hay kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng” \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng khi ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i” \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng” \u0111\u1ec1u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho “ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn” n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hai ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y: \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Alpha\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong “m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed” c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u201cKi\u1ec3m th\u1eed Beta” l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng “s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t”. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Beta l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Beta ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi \u0111i cho m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software testing process<\/p>\n

I received an email from a first-year software student where she asked: \u201cHow many software tests are there in a software project? What should be included in a test plan? In which order these tests are conducted? Please help.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: The purpose of software testing is to evaluate the quality of work performed at each step of the software development process. Test manager must plan testing at the beginning of the project at the same time when project manager plans project activities. The test plan should include test procedures, test cases, defect information, test schedule, and performance data used to test software. Testers should NOT wait to test everything at the end of a development effort, after coding is done. They must work with developers throughout the development process to ensure that the software is developed as intended, and to improve software quality, reliability and maintainability.<\/p>\n

Software testing usually begins at the component levels (Unit test, Function test) then move up to the software product (Integration test, Regression test, System test, Acceptance test etc.). In small project, developers usually do both coding and testing. In larger project, there should be an independent test group to do testing to avoid the bias of developers testing their own works. This does not mean developers do not test and testers must do all tests. Basically, both developers and testers must work together throughout the project to ensure that all tests are conducted properly. Developers must test their own code to remove defects, ensure proper execution, and information flow as well as examine data to ensure that integrity is maintained. (i.e., Module Test, Unit test) before testers start their testing activities.<\/p>\n

Testers often start with \u201cFunctional Test\u201d to uncover functional defect in the software then proceed to \u201cIntegration Test\u201d to ensure all functions are working properly and the flow of execution is happening as intended. Tester should conduct \u201cInformation Content Test\u201d to check for errors in local or global data structures. They must test for \u201cInterface Integrity\u201d to make sure both internal and external module interfaces are properly working, especially when new module is added to the software. When changes happen, they must conduct \u201cRegression Test\u201d to check for defects that may propagate from one to other modules and ensure the entire software product is working.<\/p>\n

After verify that software product is working properly, testers can conduct \u201cSystem Test\u201d to make sure both hardware and software is working as planned. In this test, testers will run \u201cSecurity test\u201d to verify that the system protection is running properly to prevent improper penetration or data alteration. They conduct \u201cStress Test\u201d to check to see how well it deals with abnormal resource demands (i.e., quantity, frequency, or volume) and \u201cPerformance Test\u201d to check the run-time performance of software, especially real-time software. They may conduct \u201cRecovery test\u201d to check the system’s ability to recover from failures.<\/p>\n

If all tests within \u201cSystem Test\u201d pass, testers can work with customers to prepare for \u201cAcceptance test\u201d where they make sure the software works correctly for intended users in their work environment. There are two major tests during this time: \u201cAlpha test\u201d is the test period during which the software product is ready to be used in a customer\u2019s \u201ctest environment\u201d but may have some minor defects. It is the final chance to get verification from customers that the software is working as intended. \u201cBeta test\u201d is the test period during which the software product is complete without defect and usable in a \u201cproduction\u201d environment. The purpose of the Beta test is to test the company’s ability to support the product. Beta test serves as a proof that the software product is ready for shipment to all customers.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1779"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1780,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779\/revisions\/1780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}