{"id":1775,"date":"2013-07-03T17:20:51","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1775"},"modified":"2013-07-03T17:20:51","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:20:51","slug":"ki-nang-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1775","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a anh ta: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1n n\u0103m bao qu\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u1edf M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc em. Em ngh\u0129 tri th\u1ee9c em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Xin \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 cao v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eeaNG bao gi\u1edd coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft”.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang m\u00e2y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00e2y s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u1eddi gian qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o an ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00f4i tin t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac CNTT v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd theo sau s\u1edbm th\u00f4i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1ch-ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1edbm. M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 cung do v\u1eady n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch kh\u1edbp m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i bao la n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon v.v. nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Future skills<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me about his concern: \u201cThe four-year college training program covers so many things such as programming, architecture, integration, project management, quality assurance etc. However, the job market only need programmers and testers and does not need the other skills. Maybe these skills are needed in the U.S but not in my country. I think the knowledge that I learned may be unnecessary. What do you think?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Nothing that you learned in school is unnecessary. As college student, you must look at the long term career that allows you to work throughout your life. You do not go to college for four years just to learn programming. You go to college to be educated and to become a professional software engineer. Your knowledge will take you to better positions as you gain more experience and help you to continue learning throughout your life. Your college education is the foundation that you can build your career upon. Please value it highly and NEVER consider it as \u201cUnnecessary\u201d.<\/p>\n

Local job market will change and have to adjust to the global need. As I have written in other articles, the world is moving to cloud computing and mobile platform. In the next few years, more companies will move their applications to the cloud, and they will need different IT skills from what their current workers have. Because the cloud will standardize infrastructure, IT workers will spend less time managing servers, network, and programming but more time to focus on system security and operational efficiency. These are components of system architecture that you learn in school today. I believe cloud computing will require more IT architecture and integration skills than other commonly skills found in short term vocational trainings.<\/p>\n

Since cloud computing will be implemented everywhere, the demand for higher skills such as architecture, integration, project management will be needed. With cloud computing, fewer people will be required to work on programming or testing. Most applications will be provided by cloud computing service companies. More people would be required to do the architecture work to tie together different cloud services, and to hook these services back to in-house systems. Today, developed countries are implementing this technology now but other countries will follow soon. Just like mainframes was replaced by client-server computing in the 1990s, most companies and government systems will move to cloud computing soon. Such a dramatic change in computing will require different skills such as integration, and architecture. There will be a huge need for people with these skills all over the world. Since there are few of them, the demand will exceed the supply thus it will boost the salary of people with these skills to a much higher level.<\/p>\n

As student, you have to think about the future and determine how your knowledge will be needed. Today, people are trained to program a feature, a function but in the near future they must know how all components fit, how each piece works together and how they perform in supporting the business. It is basically the architectural and integration of IT system. With the maturation of cloud computing, technology will be fully integrated with the business process and connect to customers and suppliers all over the world. With globalization, everything will be connected. This vast connection of several businesses into a large global network will require fewer technical people to implement a program or a function because most applications will be provided by the cloud computing service companies such as Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon etc. but every company will need solution designers, system architects, and project managers. These are skills that you are learning in college today.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a anh ta: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1n n\u0103m bao qu\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1775"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1775\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}