{"id":1773,"date":"2013-07-03T17:19:21","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1773"},"modified":"2013-07-03T17:19:21","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:19:21","slug":"thoi-chuyen-tiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1773","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p” v\u00e0 “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin”. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ed1n, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc n\u1eefa. Qui t\u1eafc m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” sang “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng” s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m n\u1ea9y sinh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau, hay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc? N\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung \u0111ang gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1eafp m\u1ea5t \u0111i? H\u1ecd li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi v\u1ecdng g\u00ec s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, hay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u1edbi s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i vay ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Khi kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam n\u1eefa. Khi chi ti\u00eau b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, lan t\u1edbi Hi L\u1ea1p, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Italy, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, quan li\u00eau th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; thu thu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; v\u00e0 vay ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” sang “t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tri th\u1ee9c”.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng theo quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hi L\u1ea1p b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u01b0a th\u00edch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. N\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u201cCNTT s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i theo du l\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d. \u201cT\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc CNTT khi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ee9c trung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tu\u1ef3 theo tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n do v\u1eady kh\u1eed b\u1ecf qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng lan t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed l\u00e0 “ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. V\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u1edbi \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea3y t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1edfi v\u00ec CNTT l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i “k\u0129 n\u0103ng” s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti Web hay c\u00f4ng ti internet s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i; thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT s\u1ebd th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do M\u0129 chi ph\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n ch\u00fang cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay, k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111ang c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sang ch\u00e2u \u00c1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb g\u1eedi “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3” cho ch\u00e2u \u00c1 sang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n “to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c” \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129. T\u1eeb 2010, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1; thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Microsoft, Google, IBM, HP, Oracles \u0111ang tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf M\u0129. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong n\u0103m 2012 v\u00e0 hai tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e2u ra con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The transition time<\/p>\n

Today we are living in the transition between the \u201cindustrial age\u201d and \u201cinformation age\u201d. We are experiencing its impact as the global economy is adapting to this new environment. Economy development based on capital, materials, and labor are no longer the rule. The new rules of economic development are knowledge and information that can be transferred into skills of workers. This shift from \u201clabor asset\u201d to \u201cskills asset\u201d will determine the geographically where production work will take place in the future. This will also seriously affect economic development of many countries in the near future.<\/p>\n

The shift to an information based economy raises serious questions for some countries. Will they stay behind, be left behind, or is this an opportunity to jump ahead? It also raises concerns for lower-skilled workers who barely survive current economy and middle level managers who are occupied certain positions. What will happen to them if their jobs, their works, their positions are going away? Will they fall behind, being left behind with no hope of survival, or is this an opportunity to update their skills and seize this new opportunity?<\/p>\n

Currently, we are witnessing this change as it happens in some European countries. With the economic downturn and shifting to the new direction, several countries are struggling. For many years, their governments have employed a large number people. To pay them they have to borrow money from other European countries and rely on their ability to produce products and services to pay back. When global economy changes, \u201clabor assets\u201d shift to other lower cost countries of Eastern European countries, their ability to produce products ends and they cannot borrow anymore. When spending is limited, jobs are being eliminated, government workers are laid-off. Suddenly these countries burst into waves of people protest demand to have their jobs back. It started in Portugal, go to Greece, then eventually Italy, Spain and other will be next. The crisis was caused by several factors but the most obvious are government mismanagement, excessive bureaucracy, employing too many workers; inefficient tax collection; and borrow money but cannot to pay back. The lesser known factor is the lack of preparation for the shift from \u201cLabor asset\u201d to \u201cskills asset\u201d.<\/p>\n

The main problem is the productivity of workers stifled by bureaucratic mangling and cannot change. For years, they know that with globalization, thing will change but nobody think it could happen that fast. A professor in Greece told me that government have talked about improving education with focusing on information technology but no one saw the urgency and nothing has happened. College students still prefer arts, languages, socials and humanities, because they are easier. It does not matter what they study, they can always get into government\u2019s jobs. Five years ago, I attended a conference there where I discussed the potential of information technology as driver for economic growth; several people told me that \u201cIT will not happen here because our economy is driven by tourism, not technology\u201d. \u201cWhy study IT when you can get jobs in hotels, tourist guides, restaurants and bars with much easier degrees in something else\u201d. Today, with these serious economic crises, these countries will probably be left behind because they already missed the opportunity. Without a strong education system focusing on technology, they cannot compete. With large number of unskilled workers they cannot compete with the larger pool of cheaper unskilled workers from other Eastern European countries. With hundred thousand businesses already filed for bankruptcy, several million unemployed people, and with nothing to depending on, their economies will not be able to recover for a long time.<\/p>\n

The global economy has emerged with the increasing use of computer and telecommunications technology. In this digital economic, business transactions can happen instantaneously anywhere in the world. Rather than relying on middle level managers to direct the flow of information, most companies are moving to a decentralized structure where certain decisions can be made depends on the knowledge and skills of workers thus eliminate the middle-level management. This flattens structure already happened in several companies and eventually spread to all business, industry and government. The principles are \u201cflatter and faster\u201d to increase efficiency and effectiveness. With automation in offices and machines replacing workers in factories, there will not be demand for unskilled workers but there will be high demand for skilled workers. With fewer workers, many supervision jobs and positions will be eliminated. This is the coming trend of the near future.<\/p>\n

Today companies need skilled workers in information technology because IT is the essence of automation and control of factory machines. This is the start of the second wave of globalization where \u201cskills\u201d will be a key factor to determine where to build products. With changing technology, companies need to be more agile than before. In the old days, if you were a Web company or internet company it would be unthinkable to move to mobile phone. But today these companies are reconfigured; change their business models to adjust to market changes. In the next five years, smart-phones and tablets will be the desirable platforms and mobile applications will be fully integrated with business processes. When it happens, the country that have the most IT skilled workers will capture the market where idea and design can be built and brought to market faster than before.<\/p>\n

It is happening in the technology areas. In the past forty years, software is a US-dominated market. Most companies built software products in the US, and then sell them to the global markets. Today, the skills of Asian workers are improving and the shortage of skilled workers in the U.S. has forced many companies to shift the entire software development to Asia. This will change the outsourcing trend from sending \u201csome works\u201d to Asia to develop the \u201centire work\u201d in Asia and shift back to the U.S. Since 2010, large software companies are building development centers in Asia; hire local people to develop software products there. Microsoft, Google, IBM, HP, Oracles are recruiting talents in Asia to fill the gap that they could not find enough workers in the U.S. According to a new study, these companies need approximately half million software workers in 2012 and two million software workers by 2015. The question is where do you hire these large number of skilled workers? Where can you find them?<\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p” v\u00e0 “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin”. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang kinh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1774,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1773\/revisions\/1774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}