{"id":1767,"date":"2013-07-03T17:14:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1767"},"modified":"2013-07-03T17:14:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:14:36","slug":"qui-trinh-phan-mem-vong-doi-phat-trien-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1767","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e1p: Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c cao c\u1ee7a “d\u00e3y c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1” c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y nh\u00e0. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi khung, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi m\u00e1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00ean trong. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khung v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y khung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f3ng ch\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u pha tu\u1ef3 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c pha “t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n” nh\u01b0 : Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “\u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u01a1n”. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f3 b\u1ea9y pha: pha Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, pha Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, pha Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (vi\u1ebft m\u00e3), Pha Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 pha B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. \u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 pha \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ee9c cao v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u01b0a th\u00edch chia pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e0nh Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chia pha Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho qui tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tu\u00e2n theo.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong t\u1eebng pha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tu\u1ef3 theo ki\u1ec3u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n” th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao h\u00e0m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tu\u1ef3 theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf pha Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf pha Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf pha Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf pha Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software process, software development lifecycle<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: By definition, the software process is the set of tasks when implemented properly will produce a software product. Software process is the high level description of an \u201corderly sequence\u201d of tasks that developers must follow. For example: It is similar to the way people build house. They must start with the foundation first, then the frame, then the roof. After that they can work more detail inside. You cannot build the roof without the frame and you cannot build a frame without a strong foundation.<\/p>\n

Software development life cycle is the software process that divided into several phases depending on the model that developers select. Some models advocate a \u201cmore generic\u201d phases such as: Requirements, Development, Verification and Evolution. Other models advocate \u201cmore specific\u201d. For example, The Waterfall life cycle has several phases: Requirement phase, Design phase, Implementation phase (Coding) Testing phase, and Maintenance phase. Sometime developers add details in some phases to make it easier to understand. For example: Design phase can be divided into High level design and Low level design. Other developers prefer to divide Design phase into Architecture and detailed design. Some developers divide Testing phase into Validation and Verification. All of these variations are just minor adjustment to make the process more visible and easier to follow.<\/p>\n

Every software method requires certain documentation. During each phase, developers must create a number of corresponding documents accordingly. For example: At the end of requirement phase, developers must document a requirements specification. At the end of Design phase, developers must document a design specification. Because software methods differ, the number of documents will also vary. Some methods require more documents, some require less.<\/p>\n

In general, people who involve in software development is called \u201cSoftware developer\u201d. However, depending on the type and length of project, companies may divide \u201cDevelopers\u201d into specific roles and responsibilities. When the project is large and complex, it may involve hundred or thousand developers then it is necessary to assign developers into specific roles, responsibilities depending on their experience. For example: Developer who works on the Requirement phase is called Requirement Engineer or Business Analyst. Developer who works on Design phase is called Design Engineer. If Design phase is divided into Architect and Detail design then Developer who works on Architecture phase is called Software Architect. Developer who works on implementation phase is called Programmer and developer who works on testing phase is called Tester etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e1p: Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1768,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1767\/revisions\/1768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}