{"id":1764,"date":"2013-07-03T17:11:38","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1764"},"modified":"2013-07-03T17:11:38","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T10:11:38","slug":"hat-mam-cua-phat-kien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1764","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1? T\u1ea1i sao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Singapore c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a? L\u00e0m sao m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1eeda kia. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng sao ch\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 “h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m” ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn “h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn”, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp t\u1ed5, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi tu\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong tranh c\u00e3i, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. \u1ede M\u0129 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh, v\u00e0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 duy nh\u1ea5t” c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nhau do v\u1eady ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 “h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng hay m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng ti. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh, v\u00ec t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “anh h\u00f9ng” v\u00e0 “\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thay v\u00ec v\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ee9c trung, cho d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.\u201d T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u01a1i sinh \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00ec v\u00e0i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan l\u1ea1i. Sinh \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Hai n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 2.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “\u0111i t\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea7u”. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gian l\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a anh ta. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5t \u0111i, anh ta ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf 20% c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n trong g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ed3i 40% trong g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 ba. Anh ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1.\u201d Khi anh ta ch\u1ec9 ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n. Anh ta ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 M\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c cho c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Anh ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi uy t\u00edn x\u1ea5u. Trong kinh doanh uy t\u00edn l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u201d Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o qui t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i nhanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Singapore trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb “pha n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p” sang “pha c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p” v\u00e0 sang “pha tri th\u1ee9c” \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eebng pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong pha N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t”. Trong pha C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho n\u00ean d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cho d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Trong pha tri th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. Chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Qui t\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng 100 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung. C\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gieo tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edbp h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh n\u00e0y v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.
\n—-English version—-
\nThe seed of innovation
\nA software developer asked me: \u201cWhy most technology innovation often comes from the U.S and Europe but not Asia? Why Japan, S. Korea, Singapore have very good education systems but still not be able to innovate anything significant? How can a developing country innovate and compete? Is it possible?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: In the past forty years, technology innovation has mostly happened in the U.S and Western Europe. It does not mean other countries cannot innovate but they were not successfully turned their innovations into commercial successful products. Basically, innovation is only half way, commercialization is the other half. Technology companies in the U.S or Europe have successfully created new products, services, and financial wealth for their economies because they have the right environment and business knows how. Of course, other countries are trying to copy this model but many have failed because innovation is not something that can easily be copied from one place to another. Innovation is not a product or a process as it requires radical thinking and a new mindset. It is a \u201cseed\u201d that has to be planted, nurtured and needs time to grow and develop. Before discussing the best way to grow the \u201cseed of innovation\u201d, let us look at some issues.<\/p>\n

For many years of teaching, I found that students in developed countries like in the U.S or Europe know how to work in team and most teams are doing very well. This is still an issue in developing countries. When I taught in Asia, it took me several weeks to set up teams, even after training, almost every week I had to deal with team issues as students did not get along with each other. Team meetings were often end up in arguments, conflicts with more personal issues rather than technical issues. Imagine that a team invents a new thing. In the U.S team members know who the inventors are, and who the contributors are so the transition from new idea into a commercial product is easy without major issue. In Asian, this will probably be a battle. Every team members would claim to be the inventor and the \u201csole owner\u201d of that new idea. They would fight with each other thus prevent the idea to become a commercially viable product. Unless this attitude changes, it will be difficult to nurture an environment where the \u201cinnovation seed\u201d can be planted and grow into a healthy product. For many years, I have observed many software companies created then failed in developing countries. Some did not even last few months or a year as members always fought for control of the company. Unless they learn how to work together, it will be a long time for any innovation to be successful there. A long time consultant in Asia told me: \u201cTeamwork is a major issue, as each individual is a \u201chero\u201d and a \u201cboss\u201d and nobody want to work for anybody. Most of them are smart, working hard but for some reasons; they do not get along with each other. However, many are willing to work for foreigners instead. If you look at China today, most companies have hired foreign managers, from low level supervisors to middle level managers, even the owners are Chinese. They know that their people cannot work in team unless the team leader is a foreign person.\u201d I think this issue is deeply rooted from the old education system dated back in the dynasty time where students compete for few positions. Students are taught to compete among themselves for some rewards with few winners but many losers. Unless this mind set change, it will be difficult for the society to change. The only two countries that have made progress are Japan and S. Korea where people are willing to work in team and doing well because their education system has changed after the World War 2.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another issue that I found often happened in some developing countries is the \u201cshort-cut\u201d attitude. Some people would do anything, including cheating just to get the product to the market. To them, short term profit is more important than quality. A friend told me that he had signed a large contract with an electronic company there to produce electronic component for his company. The first shipment was good and everybody was happy. After that, the quality began to slip, he had to reject 20% of components in the second shipment then 40% in the third shipment. He went back and complained to the owner about the quality. The owner said: \u201cIt is good enough, you are asking too much\u201d. When he showed the owner bad components and sloppy manufacturing, the owner refused to give back the money. He had to return to the U.S and found another supplier for his electronic components. He told his bad experience to the newspaper and helped many companies not doing business there. He said: \u201cMaybe it is only one company, maybe it is one person but the damage is done because of the bad reputation. In business reputation is everything, one small mistake can cost much more than people can imagine.\u201d Unless this attitude changes, unless quality is consider important, unless business rules are respected, it will be a long time before these countries can create quality product and compete in the global market.<\/p>\n

Of course, it is possible for any country to move up quickly and develop innovative products. It already happened in Japan, S. Korea, and Singapore in the electronics industry and I think with time, it could happen in other area as well. Today, many developing countries are transitioning from \u201cagricultural phase\u201d to \u201cindustrial phase\u201d and to \u201cknowledge phase\u201d at the same time. This is a very difficult transition because each phase requires different mind sets. In Agriculture phase, quantity is more important than quality. This is probably where the attitude of \u201cGood enough\u201d comes from. In Industry phase, quality is very important so this transition requires a different mindset from quantity to quality. This requires trainings, especially to unskilled workers to skilled workers, from novice to professional. That is why a good education system is a must for this transition to take place. Without a solid education system in place, it would be a very difficult transition and it may take many years.<\/p>\n

In knowledge phase, quality is essential to set the foundation for innovation. This transition requires a new thinking, new mind set, new approach to solve problem. It requires more than just trainings, it requires lifelong learning. Today technology is changing fast and more complex. The rule is for every 10-percent increase in problem complexity, there is a 100-percent increase in the software solution\u2019s complexity. That require different way to solve problem, different thinking as no one can continue to solve more complex problems. The important factor in solving complexity is not the tools and techniques but rather the skills of the workers themselves. Quality is a collection of many attributes such as reliability, efficiency, testability, and modifiability which require intensive training. Having quality is much more than just not has defects.<\/p>\n

To plant the seed for innovation requires significant improvement in the education system as well as the attitude of students. It is essential to improve trainings through better programs, better teachers and leadership. Schools also must change to better fit for this fast changing times as education must radically change the way students learn, it should not be for a degree or a job but for a lifelong learning for a career.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1764"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1766,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1764\/revisions\/1766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}