{"id":1749,"date":"2013-07-03T16:54:53","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1749"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:54:53","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:54:53","slug":"nghe-kiem-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1749","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, em c\u1ea7n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu em th\u00edch \u0111i l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Em c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap cho.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong email c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed sang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, tri th\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft, s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SQA) tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t SQA gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 9000-3; ISO\/IEC 2382-7:1989; chu\u1ea9n IEEE 610.12: 1990; chu\u1ea9n IEEE 1228 1994; IEC 61580; EIA\/IS -632; ISO\/IEC 8631: 1989. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t SQA ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 SQA l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m – c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 SQA v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ‘kh\u00f4ng’ v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hay qui tr\u00ecnh QA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Testing Career<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cI am working as a software tester for a company. If I want to be a very good tester or quality assurance, what skills should I acquire? If I like to move up to test manager and be professional test consultant is it possible? What do I need to build a career like that? Please help.”<\/p>\n

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Answer: It is an excellent career plan as you describe in your email, starting from tester to quality assurance to test manager and then test consultant. To be a good tester, you need to have some software development skills, a strong knowledge of the development process, understand various methodologies, and the ability to select and use some testing tools. You also need to prioritize tasks when working on projects where time is limited. A good tester needs to be patient, pay attention to details, willing to take the point of view of the user, with a quality conscious attitude. Beside technical skills, you also need to build strong soft-skills such as communication, negotiation to maintain good relationship with developers. You also need an ability to communicate with both technical (developers) and non-technical people (customers, management).<\/p>\n

Most good testers become excellent software quality assurance (SQA). A good SQA should have some knowledge about quality standards, especially the international quality standards such as the ISO 9000-3; ISO\/IEC 2382-7:1989; IEEE Standard 610.12: 1990; IEEE standard 1228 1994; IEC 61580; EIA\/IS -632; ISO\/IEC 8631: 1989. Additionally, A SQA must be able to understand the entire software development process and how it fits into the business approach and goals of the company. Of course, soft-skills such as communication, reporting, presentation and the ability to understand various sides of issues are important.<\/p>\n

Most good testers and SQA are good candidates for Test Manager Positions or Test Consultant when they have more experiences. Basically everything they did previously become the foundation where they can use their experiences to build upon. In these positions, the important skills are mostly software \u2013skills such as leadership to promote teamwork to increase productivity; be able to promote cooperation between developers, testers, and SQA and the ability to withstand pressures and say ‘no’ to other managers when quality is insufficient or QA processes are not being adhered to.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1749"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1750,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}