{"id":1745,"date":"2013-07-03T16:52:09","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1745"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:52:09","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:52:09","slug":"ki-nghe-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1745","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineering) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ra. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00ec K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00ed cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi K\u0129 s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, tri th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (n\u00f3i chung).<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra, bao g\u1ed3m quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00f3m, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineering) hay b\u1ecb l\u1eabn v\u1edbi L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh M\u00e1y t\u00ednh (Computer programming). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u1edbn v\u00ec tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t K\u0129 s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3i ri\u00eang sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh (Computer Science) ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineering). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, to\u00e1n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, hay giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineering) ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, giao di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn-ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineering) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

1. Th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

3. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i (gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb) trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a: \u201cChi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).\u201d<\/p>\n

4. Bi\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

5. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

6. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t K\u0129 s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n \u0111i chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hay hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng tri th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

3. X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/p>\n

5. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 an ninh<\/p>\n

6. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

7. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

8. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

9. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

10. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean xem t\u1eeb \u201cph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d (Software) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cl\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.\u201d (Programming) Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (program) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineering) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1746,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1745\/revisions\/1746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}