{"id":174,"date":"2013-06-17T19:43:55","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T12:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=174"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:07:34","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:07:34","slug":"mat-co-hoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=174","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 1978 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho IBM, c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n: \u201cT\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ean Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cM\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d anh ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau b\u1ea1n nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu xu\u1ea9n.\u201d V\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a DEC v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 1988 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho AT&T, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n: \u201cMotorola \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111i. Anh ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra r\u1eb1ng Nokia v\u00e0 Eriksson c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: \u201cSao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n mang \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i theo h\u1ecd m\u1ecdi l\u00fac? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a.\u201d V\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00ean b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 1998 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Sony, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cApple v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y MP3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 iPod \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi m\u00e1y nghe Sony Walkman c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Anh ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o kinh doanh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Sony Walkman l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 2005 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Nokia, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n: \u201cApple \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 iPhone. Anh ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kinh doanh vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Nokia l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 2008, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho HP, c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cApple v\u1eeba m\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean iPad \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Anh ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng PC. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang k\u00e9o t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t do vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y.\u00a0Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh then ch\u1ed1t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u1ef3 \u1edf h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang t\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn (B\u1ed1n trong n\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb IBM sau khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh.) S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng can nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, thay v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a AT&T khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau hay tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i khi t\u00f4i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m hay \u00edt h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, trung b\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m khi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn hay h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n?\u201d m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho t\u1eebng n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n chia ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean. C\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ai trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang t\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nghe h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng ti b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1. V\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00edch thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o d\u1eabn t\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n. Theo v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 68% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong STEM v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 20XX v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n. Th\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Y v\u00e0 X m\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o STEM v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean “H\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh.” Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Opportunity lost<\/p>\n

Imagine the year is 1978 and you are working for IBM, the largest computer company in the world. One day your manager asks you: \u201cI heard that a college student named Steve Jobs has developed a small computer called \u201cPersonal computer\u201d what do you think?\u201d How would you answer that question? You cannot believe a computer can be developed that small and for personal use. Few weeks later you hear that Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), the second largest computer company in the world called Apple computer: \u201cNo one would want to have a computer at home, it is stupid.\u201d Since you do not know what to do so you agree with the assessment of DEC and ignore it.<\/p>\n

Imagine the year is 1988 and you are working for AT&T, the largest telephone company in the world. Your manager asks you: \u201cMotorola has developed a wireless telephone that people can carry with them wherever they go. What do you think?\u201d How would you answer that question? Few weeks later you find out that Nokia and Eriksson are also working on similar wireless phone then you ask yourself: \u201cWhy do people want to carry a telephone with them all the time? It does not make sense.\u201d Since you do not know what to do so you ignore it.<\/p>\n

Imagine the year is 1998 and you are working for Sony, the largest electronic company in the world. Your manager comes in with a question: \u201cApple just complete the design of an MP3 called iPod to compete with our Sony Walkman. What do you think?\u201d How would you answer that question? You do not think a computer company would get into music business. You know that Sony Walkman is the most popular device in the world with hundred million users but you really do not know how to answer so you ignore it.<\/p>\n

Imagine the year is 2005 and you are working for Nokia, the largest mobile phone in the world. Your manager asks you: \u201cApple is working on a new phone called iPhone. What do you think?\u201d How would you answer that question? You do not think a computer company could get into telecommunication business and succeed. You know that Nokia is the most popular phone among several others so you ignore it.<\/p>\n

Imagine the year is 2008, and you are working for HP, the largest personal computer in the world. Your manager come in with a simple question: \u201cApple just designed a tablet computer called iPad to compete with all personal computers. What do you think?\u201d How would you answer that question? You do not think a tablet computer could change the PC market. But you really do not know what to do so you just ignore it.<\/p>\n

Most people see what is coming but have no idea on what impact they will have on the future. They are blind about the future impact as they have no imagination and they often think: \u201cIt does NOT impact me so I do not care.\u201d No one is taught about competition, technology changes, globalization, consumer market, and that is why so many people missed so many good opportunities due to their lack of vision.<\/p>\n

We are living in a globalized world with changes are happening every day.\u00a0It is difficult to avoid change, as new ideas, new technologies promote growth and make money for the inventors and their companies but most people ignore it. Although changes can create new opportunities, but they are often met with criticism from resistant individuals too. If we read all the cases above, we can see that changes often start with the leaders or key decision makers. It is up to them to direct the change to all team members. If the leaders have no vision, do not see change is coming then nothing will happen as in the case of all mainframe computer companies (Four of five largest mainframe computer companies are gone, except IBM after the personal computer is invented). Another resistance to change often happens at the personal interest as it often interferes with the ability to adapt to change. Some want to maintain the position to better advance their own personal interests, instead of the company\u2019s interests, as in the case of AT&T when most of their technical people resist the change to wireless mobile phones.<\/p>\n

Leadership plays a big role in operate a successful organization. When workers feel they cannot trust each other or managers, it becomes difficult for them to accept any changes. They often look at any change as negative or even assume they will eventually lose their jobs. This is the case of most academia and state universities as a change in training programs often means some professors will lose jobs and be replaced by younger professors who are more in tune with new technology and new ideas.<\/p>\n

Last year when I was in Europe, I found that each university only graduated about a hundred or less computer science or software engineers per year. That means a country, on the average, would develop few thousands software workers per year when the market demand was in fifty thousand or more. Many European companies have to hire foreign software workers to come and work. When I asked: \u201cWhy don\u2019t you train more software workers?\u201d a professor said: \u201cOur University receives government funding each year and we have to distribute to many fields of study, we cannot put a large amount into few areas such as software, technology or engineering. We do not have enough professors in that area, and what will happen to professors who teach arts, music, literature, social studies or history? That would be unfair to them so we divide funding into all fields to be fair with everybody.\u201d Another professor added: \u201cWe want to keep a balance in our society; we cannot focus too much in one area but ignore the others.\u201d<\/p>\n

It seems to me that there is disconnect between companies, educators and students. Companies complain that schools do not develop enough workers for them and many graduates do not have the skills that they need. Educators believe that their students must be allowed to choose whatever they want to study and most are receiving adequate training to do anything that they want. And students are confused between what they learned and what the industry needs. Basically, No one communicate with each other. No one see that change is coming and the economy is driven by technology. Companies never communicate with educators about their needs and those that do, often found that educators did not listen to them. At the same time, educators believe that they know what are best for students and the goal of education is not develop workers to companies because college is NOT a vocational school. Since students are not well informed about career planning or market direction, many choose to study whatever they like rather than have clear understanding of which fields lead to career professions with good job opportunity.<\/p>\n

Without changes in the education system, the situation will get worse. The vast majority of jobs now require more technical skills, problem solving skills, motivation skills, and communication skills. But college students do not know exactly what company\u2019s needs and colleges do not teach them these skills. Today every country need to improve the competitive edge by focusing on science, technology, engineer and math (STEM) as most jobs created over the next decade will require at least a bachelor\u2019s degree. According to the bureau of labor statistics 68% of job openings through 2020 will go to people with a college degree in STEM and many of these will be high paying jobs.<\/p>\n

Imagine the year is 20XX and you are teaching for the best university in your country. Your provost asks you a question: \u201cThe neighboring country Y and X just changes their training programs to focus exclusively on STEM and they are using new teaching method called \u201cLearning by doing\u201d. What do you think?\u201d How would you answer that question? Would you do something or just ignore it?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 1978 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho IBM, c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m ng\u01b0\u1eddi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=174"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174\/revisions\/176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}