{"id":1738,"date":"2013-07-03T16:44:34","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1738"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:44:34","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:44:34","slug":"that-bai-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1738","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ee1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti do\u1ea1 \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang coi s\u00f3c m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do “l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng “l\u1ed7i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt”. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec th\u1eddi gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi t\u1eadp c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng 10 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong 10 ng\u00e0y. Sau ba ng\u00e0y, anh ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam 4 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng anh ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ea9y ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ba nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean anh ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ba nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eefa trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 li\u00ean thu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng thua tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111u\u1ed5i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean hay to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng? C\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng minh, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lo l\u1eafng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project failure<\/p>\n

A software developer wrote to me: \u201cI have worked on several projects; they all failed and missed the schedule. Customers were angry and the company owner has threatened to fire all developers. I did not know why they failed or what to do but my job is no longer secured. I am currently looking for another job. Please advice.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: A project usually fails by many reasons, mostly on \u201chuman errors\u201d not \u201ctechnical errors\u201d. A project is a teamwork activity, managed by a project manager, to achieve a set of goal and objectives, within a period of time. The project manager assigns roles and responsibilities to each team members as well as a set of tasks to be completed according to a schedule.<\/p>\n

However, software projects often failed when these set of tasks change but the time given is not. For example, a developer is assigned 10 tasks to be completed in 10 days. After three days, he receives additional 4 more tasks but he still has to complete all of his tasks in the remaining seven days. On the fifth day, he is told that three of the tasks that he already completed need to change so he must redo three more tasks in the next five days. Of course, he could not complete all these tasks within the short time given and the project cannot be completed on time.<\/p>\n

Since other team members need some of his completed tasks to start their work, if he cannot give them his completed task, they cannot start theirs. Because of the interdependencies among project tasks, the slowest team member could slow down the entire project team. A project manager must monitor all activities and reports the progress to senior managers as well as sharing information with team members. It helps keeping team members inform about each other\u2019s activities as well as where their performance may be in terms of what was expected of them. It provides an opportunity for review and if needed, reassigns works and priorities to get the project running more efficiently. A Project does not have to become unmanageable. A good project manager can redefine its objective to something more realistically attainable given the constraints of real time issues. A bad project manager does not know what to do so it is easy to blame developers.<\/p>\n

My question is, if a soccer team loses a match, do you think the owner fire the coach or the whole team? The same question should be asked for software project. If the owner is smart, he would fire the project manager, not developers. Although project is teamwork but the responsibility should be on the manager, not the developers. As developer, you should continue to improve your skills, learn as much as possible. With the current shortage of skilled workers, you should not worry too much.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ee1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1738"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1739,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1738\/revisions\/1739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}