{"id":1736,"date":"2013-07-03T16:42:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1736"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:42:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:42:36","slug":"thoi-dai-cua-robots-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1736","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a robots"},"content":{"rendered":"

James Brown l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y trong ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. V\u00ec con \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u1edbi th\u0103m con t\u1ea1i CMU, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

James b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201c\u00d4ng t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti g\u1ea7n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi n\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tr\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. T\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1950, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qua th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cSao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129?\u201d<\/p>\n

James tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u robot. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi robot. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng robot n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c robot n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Khi b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cho t\u00f4i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 robot \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng robot l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. Trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh doanh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

James m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n theo l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng nhau. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 r\u00f5, sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 composite l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh sai trong m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.”<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9?\u201d<\/p>\n

James tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cC\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u01b0 k\u00ed hay ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00eam. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i tin ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n k\u00e9m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.”<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

James c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hay robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i. Robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24 gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, robot s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111ang d\u00f9ng robot. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 robot gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00ec v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1edd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 s\u1ebd l\u00e2m nguy. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi, qu\u00e3ng 500 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: “Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh th\u1ebf. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, to\u00e0n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i sang n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

James g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd…\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3?”<\/p>\n

James k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: “Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng do ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng qua r\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi robot v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao. Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The time of the robots<\/p>\n

James Brown is the owner of a large manufacturing company. His family has owned the company for three generations. Since his son is one of my students, when he visits his son at CMU, I asked if he can share his experience with students. Following is his discussion with the students.<\/p>\n

James began: \u201cMy grandfather started the company almost eighty years ago with only five workers but now I have over thirty thousand workers. I grew up with the company, and I have seen workers change over the years. During my grandfather\u2019s time most workers were illiterate, many were farmers who came to city to find works. They used their muscles to do the works as everything was done by hand. Then in 1950, our company switched to machinery, workers were trained to operate large machines. They had to read the instructions and follow the process. To my father\u2019s astonishment, many could not read so we had to send them back to school. Overtime, most workers had finish high school and we only hired workers with high school education. However today workers do not just have to know how to read but they must also know how to think.<\/p>\n

Student asked: \u201cWhy do they have to think?\u201d<\/p>\n

James answered: \u201cToday, factory is no longer just having machines but there are many robots. Workers in our factory do not use muscles to operate heavy equipment anymore. Most are done by robots. Our workers control these robots by write programs to direct these robots to work. My workers must know how to use computers and write programs; they must know how to analyze their works for optimization; they must be familiar with automation and how to improve the process; they must measure productivity and identify defects. Our workers must have knowledge of metals, steels, composite materials, as we are making many things based on customers\u2019 needs. That is why over half of our workers have college degrees. All of our opening positions require college degree because less than that will not be efficient. When my father passed the ownership to me twenty years ago, computers and robots did not exist in manufacturing. It is changing now as process automation using robots is the new way to operate factory. In the next few years, most American manufacturing will be automated. In factories around the country, manufacturing is becoming a high-tech, high-precision business and workers must have good education to manage these machines.\u201d<\/p>\n

Student asked: \u201cDo you require them to have computer degree?\u201d<\/p>\n

James smile: \u201cNo, it is not necessary. They only need to have some computer classes. Anyone with a Bachelor degree is qualified because we do provide training. The idea is having workers being able to learn quickly and can make decision on their own. They need knowledge of various metals and composite materials; they must understand how the process works. There are many things they must know as in the factory, there are dozens of moving parts and machines operate together. It requires a lot of knowledge and skills that a high school education is not sufficient. If you do not understand it well, a mistake can be catastrophic. All the work that are done here require accuracy and precision. The material such as composite is expensive and we create million pieces an hour. You cannot make mistake here. A wrong adjustment in this machine can cost us million dollars a day. That is why I only hire college educated workers.”<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cBut you also do hire people with high school educated?\u201d<\/p>\n

James answered: \u201cYes, we have a few secretaries or receptionists. Most have a high school diploma, but no further education. Personally, I believe we are living in a high tech world, most jobs will require at least a college degree. Even in a factory, workers must have certain knowledge. Without it their future is far less certain.<\/p>\n

Another student asked: \u201cI heard that many factory jobs are going offshore to China or lower cost countries. Do you think that you may do that too?”<\/p>\n

James laughed: \u201cIn the past, many factory jobs were manual so they were easy to outsource to lower cost countries. Today, a machine or robots could easily do that much cheaper than outsourcing so many jobs will come back. Robots can be programmed to do many things and they will work 24 hours nonstop at the cost of electricity. Of course, a robot would cost a million dollars to buy but it lasts twenty to thirty years so in the long term, it is much cheaper than outsourcing. Today most manufacturing companies are using robots. If the price of robot goes down, many factories in China will go bankrupt because few years from now it would be much cheaper to make things here. In that case, many manufacturing jobs in Asia will be at risk. My simple calculations is within the next ten years, around 500 million factory workers without skills will not be able to find jobs as many factories will have to lay off workers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Students were surprised: “It is difficult to imagine that things could change that fast. Few years ago, it was all about losing jobs as many jobs went to low cost countries but now you are telling us that it is being reversed.\u201d<\/p>\n

James nodded his head: \u201cThe simple answer is technology. Technology changes everything, it makes thing faster, better, cheaper but it take time to modernize a factory. As things changes, education becomes a necessary because the knowledge and skills are the only things that can change with time. We are in the 21st century now …\u201d<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cWhat will happen to those unemployed workers?”<\/p>\n

James concluded: “The decision is not made by us. The decision is made when people understand the fact that the time of manual labor is over. We have intelligent machines that can do that work now. Manufacturing today and in the future will be operated by robots and managed by highly educated workers. In the past thirty years, many companies had to outsource works to low cost countries so they can have better profits and time to modernize their factories. Now as factories are fully automated, they will build many things here because it is cheaper. With sophisticated machines, it requires higher skilled workers who can manage those machines. With this change, the gap between the skilled and the unskilled will be wider and the only way to keep up is to have the lifelong learning attitude.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

James Brown l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y trong ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. V\u00ec … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1737,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1736\/revisions\/1737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}