{"id":1732,"date":"2013-07-03T16:40:11","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:40:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1732"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:40:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:40:11","slug":"phuong-phap-scrum-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1732","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Scrum"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Scrum v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ai s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? \u00cdch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng agile l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Scrum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: vai tr\u00f2, qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m. Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Scrum ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed5 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh Scrum v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. Vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 Scrum bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n th\u1eddi tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u1ed5 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat ri\u00eang. V\u1edbi Scrum, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra trong ba vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong Scrum.<\/p>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh Scrum bao g\u1ed3m: Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdp l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, h\u1ecdp Scrum h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat. H\u1ecdp kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Th\u1ea7y Scrum, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ee9c cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdp l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Sprint l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y Scrum, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y; t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Sau khi h\u1ecdp l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 hai t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p can nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y ng\u1eafn, qu\u00e3ng ch\u1eebng 15 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7y Scrum v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 Scrum. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Scrum h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng? B\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho t\u1edbi Scrum h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp? C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Scrum h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhau v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Scrum l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed3n d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c. T\u1ed3n d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat l\u00e0 t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt (hay t\u1ed3n d\u01b0) th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. C\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng cho ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0 ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u00cdch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a agile (Scrum) l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n agile, c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong chu k\u00ec l\u1eb7p ng\u1eafn. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf “h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n” v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Agile l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Scrum method<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cI am confused about Scrum method as it does not have project manager role. In that case who will manage the project? What is the benefit of using agile? Please explain.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Scrum is built on three major components: roles, process, and artifacts. The first role is Scrum Master who is responsible for making sure the team follows the Scrum process and removing obstacles. The second role is Product Owner who is responsible for determine what needs to be built and how the sequence of builds should progress. The third role is the Scrum Team consists of five to ten people who work on the project full time. The team is self-organizing where everybody share responsibilities in developing the software. Team members\u2019 role may change depending on the needs of the specific sprint. With Scrum, project management responsibilities are divided among the three roles so there is no project manager position in Scrum.<\/p>\n

The Scrum process consists of: The kickoff, the sprint planning meeting, the sprint, the daily Scrum, and the sprint review meeting. The kickoff meeting is where the Scrum Master, the Product Owner, and the Team meet at the beginning of the project to define the high-level product backlog, which is basically a list of the project requirements and project goals.<\/p>\n

The Sprint planning meeting is a meeting at the beginning of each sprint. In the meetings, the Scrum Master, Product Owner and the team review the product backlog, define the sprint goal, which is the result of this particular sprint; the sprint backlog which is the list of things to do for that sprint.<\/p>\n

After the sprint planning meeting, the sprint can begin. Sprints are limited to approximately two to four weeks where certain functions of the product are developed. The most important idea is during a sprint, no outside influence should be allowed to interfere with the work of the Scrum team. This means that requirements cannot be changed during a sprint.<\/p>\n

Sprint often begins with a daily Scrum meeting. This meeting is short, about 15 minutes, is held every day between the Scrum Master and the Scrum team. In this meeting, team member briefly answers three questions: What did you do since the last daily Scrum? What are you doing until the next daily Scrum? What is stopping you getting on with your work? The main purpose of the daily Scrum is to track progress of the team and allow team members to know about others\u2019 works and whether they have any issue or obstacle?<\/p>\n

The sprint review meeting is held at the end of each sprint. During the meeting, the functionality that was created during the sprint is demonstrated to the Product Owner.<\/p>\n

The Scrum artifacts are the product backlog, the sprint backlog, and the burn down charts. The product backlog is the requirements for the entire project expressed as a prioritized list of items. The sprint backlog is the subset of product backlog that are defined as part of the work for a particular sprint. The burn down chart is a graphical representation of work left to do versus time. The outstanding work (or backlog) is often on the vertical axis, with time along the horizontal. There are three types of burn down charts: The sprint burn down chart documenting the progress of the sprint, the release burn down chart documenting the progress of the release, and the product burn down chart documenting the overall project progress.<\/p>\n

The benefits of agile (Scrum) are its simplicity. Within an agile project, roles are clearly defined. Features can be completely developed and tested in short iteration cycles. Team members share responsibility for their part of the project and with extensive communication the team can organizes the project more effectively.<\/p>\n

Contradict to many claims that since the team frequent communicates with each others, the project does not need documentation. This is false because without proper document, a project could degenerate into \u201cchaotic\u201d situation and out of control. Agile is best suit for small project but will be difficult for larger and more complex project.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Scrum v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1732"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1733,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1732\/revisions\/1733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}