{"id":1700,"date":"2013-07-03T16:12:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:12:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1700"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:12:10","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:12:10","slug":"quan-tri-van-phong-va-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1700","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u01b0ng ra trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00eau ra m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Em b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd g\u00ec?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tri th\u1ee9c t\u1edbi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c \u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, ki\u1ec3m tra chi ti\u00eau, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00edch l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng ti tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec chi ti\u00eau n\u00e0o. Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 thi, h\u1ecd c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nhau khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i sai v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n cho t\u1eebng pha b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). T\u1eebng pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng, trong \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? R\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u00e2n chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c pha, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc khi n\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m hai l\u1ea7n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 du h\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Office administra\u200btor and project manager<\/p>\n

A recent graduate wrote to me: \u201cI work in a company where project managers have management certificates display in their offices but they do not manage anything. They spend more time in meetings, writing proposals, review spending and budgeting, and develop monthly reports. They rarely meet with developers but request report on weekly activities so they can report to their boss. When we raise concern, they told us that they know project management as evidence of their certificates. I am confused about this type of project management. What do you suggest?”<\/p>\n

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Answer: There is a difference between knowing and doing. Good project managers have both knowledge and skills to manage projects. The knowledge comes from learning but the skills come from actual experience in implementing it. Good project managers have experience in planning, estimating, balancing different pressures, working with customers, managing changes, and removing obstacles for their project teams. It is possible that your managers may have training as evidence of their certificates but never implement it in real project. If they only focus on creating status report, submitting budget, checking spending, reviewing costs, and making presentation which are administration activities then they are office administrator not project manager.<\/p>\n

Good project managers understand the project lifecycle and carefully follow a process to manage the project. They analyze the benefits that a particular software project will bring to the company before committing to any expenditure. During the project, if thing changes and it becomes clear that benefits is no longer feasible, they cancel the project so no more money will be wasted.<\/p>\n

Good project managers know that developers on the project need to understand their roles and responsibilities so they assign tasks for each person accordingly. Without clear roles and responsibilities, nobody will know what they are supposed to do. In that case, they will blame each other when something goes wrong and the project may not complete successfully.<\/p>\n

Good project managers know how to divide the project into smaller tasks for each phase using Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) technique. Each phase is carefully reviewed and reported so senior manager can make decisions. For example, is the project still on time, within cost estimates? Are the risks still acceptable? Dividing a project into phases, and analyze all the risks and benefits before continue is a good approach that allows project manager to manage the project better.<\/p>\n

Good project managers always focus on the end result or the products even before the project begins. They have vision about what the final product will do. They understand their requirements well, and develop achievable plans that will make the project easy to manage. They constantly learn when managing the project. If they make mistake, they learn from it so they do not make the same mistake twice. The ability to learn from mistake is enriching their experience as well as their management skills.<\/p>\n

Basically, experience and skills really distinguish an office administrator from a project manager. Just like the difference between a person who can read a map in the office and a person who use the map to travel long distance and has made many trips already.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1700"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1701,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1700\/revisions\/1701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}