{"id":1698,"date":"2013-07-03T16:10:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1698"},"modified":"2013-07-03T16:10:32","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T09:10:32","slug":"vong-doi-phat-trien-phan-mem-va-vong-doi-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1698","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” v\u00e0 “V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n”. The V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f4ng ti, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua hay d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m pha: Pha kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f3ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o (Th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v.v.) b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng n\u0103m pha n\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Pha kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: Trong pha n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?) v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng?). N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, thu l\u1ea5y ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, thu\u00ea th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v.v. tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o pha l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Pha l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: Trong pha n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 chia ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c). Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1eddi gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u00eau chi ph\u00ed trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. C\u00f9ng nhau, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Pha th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: Trong pha n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.). Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi c\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Pha ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: Trong pha n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m theo c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t khi m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Pha \u0111\u00f3ng: Trong pha n\u00e0y, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p; v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eadu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1i g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Qua b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Developmen\u200bt Life cycle and Project Management Life Cycle<\/p>\n

There is a difference between a \u201cSoftware Development Life Cycle\u201d and a \u201cProject Management Life Cycle\u201d. The Software development lifecycle is a set of related activities to produce a product or service. The Project management lifecycle deals with much larger scope than the project such as understand customer\u2019s needs, set up project environment, ensure project is aligned with company strategy and goals, planning and budgeting, make decision to buy or to build, execute the project, manage and control the project, and reporting status to management and customers etc.<\/p>\n

Project management life cycle consists of five phases: Initiate Plan, Execute, Control, and Close Out. No matter what type of project development life cycle (Waterfall, spiral, incremental release etc.) you still apply the same five phases to manage the project.<\/p>\n

Initiation Phase: During this phase, project manager must work with customers to determine the need. This can be a business problem or a business opportunity. Project manager must analyze the need with the solution to determine if it is possible or not. It involves technical issues (can we do the project?) and business justification (should we do the project? Is it cost effective?). If the solution is approved, project manager must set up the project environment, obtain budget, hiring team members, and document requirements etc. before move on the planning phase.<\/p>\n

Planning Phase: In this phase, the project requirements are analyzed further in detail and break down to smaller tasks (Work Breakdown Structure). Team members are assigned to roles and responsibilities and to all of the works that need to be done. A project plan is created to document all activities, tasks, dependencies and timeframes. The project manager estimates cost for the labor, equipment and materials costs into a project budget. The budget is used to monitor and control cost expenditures during project execution. Project manager also estimates the time to complete all the tasks and prepares the schedule with team members. Together, they identify and try to deal with any risks that might create potential problems to the project. They also develop a quality plan; providing quality targets, assurance, and control measures along with a list of criteria to be met. When everything is done, project manager establishes a communication plan describing the information needed and the delivery schedule to keep customers and management informed.<\/p>\n

Execution Phase: In this phase, the project plan is being executed (This is where software development life cycle start with developers performs the design, code, test etc.). These activities are continuously monitored and adjusted as needed. The project manager will spend most of their time tracking activities against the plan to make sure that the project is progressing accordingly.<\/p>\n

Control Phase: In this phase, the project manager maintains control over the direction of the project by measuring the performance of project activities. There are weekly status reports and milestone reviews identified in the project plan where project manager can monitor the project progress. Status reports are focused on cost, schedule and quality of works. Once all of the tasks have been done, the final software can be produced and when customer accepted the final product, the project is ready for closure.<\/p>\n

Closure Phase: In this phase, the major activities are: deliver the final product to the customer; provide documentation to the business; and communicating the closure of the project to management and customers. Project manager also conduct post-project review to examine what went well and what did not. Through this lesson learning, the manager and project team members improve their skills and experiences, which will help future projects.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” v\u00e0 “V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n”. The V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1698"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1699,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions\/1699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}