{"id":167,"date":"2013-06-17T19:37:36","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T12:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=167"},"modified":"2013-06-17T19:37:36","modified_gmt":"2013-06-17T12:37:36","slug":"chuan-bi-viec-lam-cho-nganh-cong-nghiep-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=167","title":{"rendered":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Christopher l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf Amazon. Anh \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi CMU \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n sinh vi\u00ean cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f4ng ti anh ta t\u00ecm c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u anh ta n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Amazon l\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u1eefa. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u00e2y v\u00e0\u00a0Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng ti n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong m\u00e2y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qui m\u00f4 web d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Giao di\u1ec7n web \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Amazon EC2 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u00a0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1i cho ch\u1ea1y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Amazon. Amazon EC2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Amazon EC2 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0y nay t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, hay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kinh doanh thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin hay l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o m\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n \u0111ang m\u1edf ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y hay Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SaaS).\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0i m\u00f4n m\u1edbi trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng hay ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00ec d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m theo nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n agile nh\u01b0 Scrum l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ecdi tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e1ng. \u1ee8ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh.\u00a0Amazon c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, vui v\u1ebb, l\u00e0m ra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.\u201d V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y “\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh,” ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o m\u1edbi, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, hay so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t trong Java hay C++ bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u1edbp r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\u00a0T\u1ea1i Amazon Web Services, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00edch “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi lui\u201d: b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u1eafng nghe kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0o tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i s\u1edbm, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng AWS Direct Connect thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cao gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n CNTT hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u00e2y AWS, t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a hai k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eafng nghe ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. Trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u00e8 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf Amazon. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u1edf l\u1edbp l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7; sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00eda chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa. Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f9a h\u00e8 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 “kh\u1edbp t\u1ed1t” hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edbi \u0111i l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i coi th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u00f9a h\u00e8 s\u1edbm t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng l\u00fac nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 hai n\u0103m th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam 5% t\u1edbi 10% th\u00eam trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1edbi hai k\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi:\u00a0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n thu\u00ea h\u1ecd l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m?\u201d<\/p>\n

Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 xin l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai hay n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone. Capstone l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0Capstone y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5; v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, capstone l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho qua m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m capstone c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec? V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec? H\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o h\u1ecd kinh qua trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y? Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay ch\u1ec9 theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng capstone l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ednh n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

Preparing for job in software industry<\/p>\n

Christopher is a manager at Amazon. He often come to CMU to recruit students so I ask him to explain what his company is looking for and what students need to prepare for the job in software industry. Following is what he says:<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople know that Amazon is the largest on-line store in the world but few people know that we are also one of the largest cloud computing companies too. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) allows company to put their information system in the cloud and\u00a0Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.\u00a0Amazon EC2\u2019s simple web service interface allows customer to obtain and configure capacity with minimal effort. It allows customers to control of their computing resources that run on Amazon\u2019s computing environment. Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain new server and allowing them to quickly scale capacity as their computing requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by allowing you to pay only for capacity that you actually use.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cToday cloud computing is becoming a popular choice among companies. Since they do not have to buy software, servers, database licenses, or have rooms for their computing systems, they can focus on the business instead of dealing with information technology or storage. With cloud computing, companies do not have to worry about updating software because cloud service companies will do all upgraded much cheaper and faster. As more companies are moving to the cloud, more career opportunities are opening up for software graduates who have knowledge and skills in dealing with cloud computing or Software as a Services (SaaS).\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cOur company is hiring college graduates in computer science, software engineering, and information system management to fill positions such as software developer, software tester, network specialist, system security specialist, service manager, and database administrator. Beside technical skills, students need to take few courses in business and have soft-skills as some of them will have to work with customers, help them to solve problems and be able to communicate well to keep customer satisfied. What we are looking for in college graduates is the motivation and drive. What is that person most interested and passionate about? Does the candidate want to build a career or just want a job?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are hiring computer science graduates and place them into software development positions, since cloud computing service requires on-demand software applications that must be update rapidly. Some experiences with agile development such as Scrum are preferred since we are doing releases every week and every month. Candidates must have good programming skills, understand software development lifecycle well, and be able to work well with others and willing to learn new things as technology changes fast.\u00a0Amazon has a fast-paced environment where we \u201cWork Hard, Have Fun, Make History.\u201d On a \u201ctypical\u201d day, software developers might design and code prototype to prove or disprove an idea, implement code to report a new metric, talk with customers, code up a feature, or draft a proposal for a radical new idea.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are hiring software engineering graduates and place them into system security specialist, network specialist and system architect position. We are looking for graduates that can demonstrate ability to write clear, portable, well organize code in Java or C++ including building systems, application code with good comments and documentation. As customer\u2019s system may not be compatible with our systems, some platforms modifications and re-architecture must be done and this is where software engineers fit very well since they are trained in system architect and integration.\u00a0At Amazon Web Services, we like to \u201cwork backwards\u201d: by understanding what customers need and using that to guide our software engineering. We\u2019re looking for software engineers passionate and experienced in listening to customers, synthesizing their needs, and rapidly iterating our services to quickly put features into customers\u2019 hands. Our best ideas become even better when we get feedback from real customer use. The sooner we can get that feedback, the more quickly we can grow. Customers using AWS Direct Connect establish high connections between their existing IT infrastructure and the AWS cloud, enabling seamless integration and inter-operation of the two infrastructures. We listen closely to what customers tell us and translate those ideas into well designed web-services and web-based user interfaces that exceed our customers’ high expectations.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are hiring Information system management graduates into service management positions. They are the ones who are working closely with customers, understand their problems, help them to solve problems and manage the transition from their in house information technology to the cloud computing environment. In this position, soft-skills and business knowledge are critical. As software is becoming more of a service than a product, more information system managers will be needed.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cGetting experience as a summer intern has always been important to get a job at Amazon. Many students believe that if they are good academically, they can easily get a job but that is NOT correct. Having good grades in class is NOT enough; students need to focus on the professional side too. Summer internship is a valuable way for our company to make a judgment on students whether they are \u201cgood fit\u201d or not. It is like before hiring we go through a trial period and we often make hiring decision at the end of the internship. Many students often wait until the end of the third year to go into internship, which is too late. Students must consider summer internship as early as the second year in college. The more working experience students have, the better position they get and of course their salaries are adjusted accordingly. Sometime students are asking why they come from the same school with the same degree and graduate at the same time but some receive better offers than others. Because some students have two years of internship when others only have one. Working experience can add 5% to 10% more in salary and sometime they receive better positions. We think students should have one to two internships before they graduate.\u201d<\/p>\n

I asked:\u00a0 \u201cHow are students supposed to get experience if no one wants to hire them as interns because they do not have experience?\u201d<\/p>\n

He said: \u201cGood students should not allow certain obstacles get in their way. I know of many students who start looking in their first year for internship positions. Although they do not have good technical skills yet, they apply anyway because what they want is just working experience so by the time they go into second or third year; they already have some work experience. Internships provide companies with the opportunity to test the skills of students as well as know the students as persons. When positions open up and we have interns that are doing a good job, we would put them in those positions.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAnother way of getting experience is working on capstone project. Capstone is where students apply what they have learned in the past three years into a real project where they assume different roles and responsibilities.\u00a0Capstone requires students to learn quickly on a specific issue area; improve their skills such as project management and teamwork; and develop competency in gathering, analyzing, and reporting out on data. For some software students, capstone is a requirements rather than a learning opportunity so they do not pay much attention to it but just do enough to pass the course. It is a mistake because we will ask a lot of questions on their capstone experience. We want to know what their roles are. What they do? And what the problems that they solved are? How do they solve them? What are other issues that they are experienced during the project? Students that do not actively involved or just follow others will not be able to explain it clearly. Students must understand that capstone is an opportunity to apply all of their learning to solve a problem in a real environment, in an unpredictable, complex environment and that is why we count it as working experience.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Christopher l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf Amazon. Anh \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi CMU \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n sinh vi\u00ean cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=167"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":169,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167\/revisions\/169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}