{"id":1648,"date":"2013-07-03T15:13:35","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T08:13:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2013-07-03T15:13:35","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T08:13:35","slug":"nguoi-kiem-thu-chuyen-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1648","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Don McNeil l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y t\u1edbi th\u0103m l\u1edbp k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 cho b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Don n\u00f3i: \u201cKi\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i; h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia an ninh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 an ninh; h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ee7i ro; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, v.v.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. Theo v\u00e0i h\u00e3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 IDC, Gartner, v\u00e0 Forrester, chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3ng chu\u1ea9n $30 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2015. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9m v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 sau trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 sau trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang l\u00ean cao m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9m d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i; nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng may, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm trong pha thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti d\u00f9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, an ninh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u1eef an ninh cho m\u1ecdi app ch\u1ea1y qua m\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed an ninh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 an ninh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 mong manh. V\u1eady ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed an ninh m\u00e2y, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 an ninh th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 an ninh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng \u201cN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (PaaS)” \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp ri\u00eang c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng do v\u1eady th\u00fac b\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IDEs) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ch\u00e9o. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m m\u00e3 sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed app \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i, v.v. m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hay kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb c\u1eafp. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo t\u1eadp c\u00e1c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean theo m\u1ed7i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1eed, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1edbi qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00f4ng ti ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac b\u1ea9y t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 an ninh, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd l\u00e0m trung b\u00ecnh $110,000 t\u1edbi $150,000 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Profession\u200bal Tester<\/p>\n

Don McNeil is the director of a testing center for a large software company. He visited my software engineering class and gave a presentation about the latest trends on software testing.<\/p>\n

Don said: \u201cTesting is more than just finding defects. Inexperienced testers do not know that and are happy with the number of defects that they found. Experienced tester also found defects but works with developers to make sure that they are fixed. Professional testers do more than that, they work with developers to make sure they do not create defects; they work with users to define better requirements; they work with security specialist to make sure software is tested for security; they work with project manager to identify and mitigate risks; and they work with quality assurance to test for compliances, etc.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBasically, the role of tester has changed and become more important today than previously. Testing is a professional career and it is the fastest growing jobs in IT industry. According to several research firms such as IDC, Gartner, and Forrester, the industry\u2019s spending on independent testing services could pass the benchmark of $30 billion dollar by 2015. More software companies are outsourced testing to professional testing service providers rather than perform testing themselves as the skills of testers are getting more sophisticated.\u201d<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cBecause of bad requirement gathering and changes in requirements later in the development life cycle, testing becomes very expensive. The cost of fixing defects later in software development is reaching all time high. Today most software is large and complex, which is difficult for inexperienced testers to find defects. Bad requirements lead to more changes; more changes lead to more defects, especially after the software is released to users. As a result, it is important for testers to focus on requirements validation. Unfortunately, most testers could not do that. Professional testers know how to start early during requirements gathering phase. They work with users to make sure that requirements are clearly defined and testable.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs more companies are using cloud computing, security is one of the most important concerns. Securing all the apps that run over the cloud is critical. Inexperienced testers do not have the security testing skills, most only know about coding and testing for defects. Professional testers know how to work with security specialist to make sure all applications are fully checked for security and vulnerability. Thus testing the cloud security, testing applications for security add more tests on performance and security. These are things that professional testers can do.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cMany companies are using \u201cPlatform-as-a-Service (PaaS) which comes with its own set of testing complexity. It facilitates customers to use the underlying components thus leveraging integrated development environment (IDEs) in cross browser environments. It demands more sophisticated analytical techniques to validate components functionality and performance. These are things that inexperienced testers do not know. Professional testers understand how to evaluate for load testing and compatibility testing with various browsers.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cEvery software project has risks. Although building risk mitigation strategy is the job of the project manager but one of the biggest risks are having defects after the software is released and fixing them is very expensive. Inexperienced testers often check the code after developers completed their works. Professional testers start early by working with project manager to plan for more test automation, test framework, end-to-end app testing, etc. which can mitigate these risks.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cToday, many companies are using vendor\u2019s software or outsourcing part of their software to external companies. If the company is building commercial software products, it is possible that their intellectual properties could be stolen. Inexperienced testers do not know how to deal with this issue. Professional testers know how to test vendors\u2019 software and outsourced applications to help companies protect their Intellectual Properties against any theft. This kind of protection is extremely important in order to gain confidence and is directly linked to the company\u2019s revenue generation strategy.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cToday, there are increasing numbers of regulatory compliances from governments. It requires more compliance tests. Every company must follow new set of compliances which vary for each and every industry. Failure to meet any of these can be costly and could damage the company reputation. To meet these industry-specific compliances, compliance testing must be added to the way testing is conducted. Professional testers know how to test for compliance, they know how to work closely with quality assurance and compliance rules to make sure that all software is fully in compliance with government regulatory.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cToday, many companies are beginning to understand the benefits of having professional testers. Some are setting up their own testing center and hire experienced and professional testers. Many are outsourcing testing to independent testing companies. By leveraging these people\u2019s expertise in testing framework and test processes, company can move away from their unproductive test groups and inexperienced testers and focus on develop software product.\u201d<\/p>\n

In the past, many testers are treated as less important than developers. To advance, many testers have to become developers but today there is a clear career pathway for people who are interested to become professional testers. There is some training available but nothing is better than having experiences. Testers can improve their skills by learning about security, compliances, performance and various types of new tests that come with new technology. A career for professional tester is also very bright as most of them making on the average $110,000 to $150,000 as test consultant or test strategist.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Don McNeil l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y t\u1edbi th\u0103m l\u1edbp k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1648"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1649,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648\/revisions\/1649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}