{"id":1642,"date":"2013-07-03T15:08:45","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T08:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1642"},"modified":"2013-07-03T15:08:45","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T08:08:45","slug":"quan-li-du-an-phan-mem-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1642","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa “qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n” v\u00e0 “qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m”. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch “Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 5% trong pha quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, 10% trong pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, 75% trong pha th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i 10% v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf hoach ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra trong pha x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong pha b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u00a0(S\u01a1n v\u00e0 trang ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, pha quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai pha \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed9n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i tham gia s\u1edbm v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 20% trong pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, 20% trong pha l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 20% trong pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60% th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tham gia v\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i chia c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Bi\u1ebft n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. T\u1ed5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m xong t\u1ed5 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi; vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9m, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 “qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n” v\u00e0 “qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m”, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c pha s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00fang, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 “Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 & S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i”. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i sau. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00fang. Khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cho d\u00f9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ed5 d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. H\u1ecd s\u1eeda c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u1ecd th\u00eam v\u00e0o, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. V\u00f2ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda c\u1ee9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m. Kh\u00f4ng may, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?” \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” trong khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt l\u00ed”. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, 10% hay 50% nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u00edch c\u1ee1, v\u1eadt t\u01b0, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u00edch c\u1ee1 v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c pha s\u1edbm. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng?” T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong blog c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n: B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay l\u1ea5y m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Software project management<\/p>\n

Few years ago when I taught software project management in Asian, I found that there was confusion between \u201cproject management\u201d and \u201csoftware project management\u201d. Some universities used \u201cProject Management\u201d books which were written for construction industry and other industries but not software. For example, when they estimated efforts, many began with 5% in conceptual and initiating phase, 10% in architect and design phase, 75% in implementation phase, and then 10% on maintenance. This is correct for construction industry. You do not need a lot of people when working with owner to understand requirement needs. Construction planning is mostly logistic and administration works. You do not need a lot of people during architecture and design phases. The architect designs the construction with a small team and when the architecture plan is complete, it never changes. The major efforts happen during construction phase when you need a lot of workers to build the house. There will be some small efforts in the maintenance phase (Painting and cosmetic decoration).<\/p>\n

In software project, the most important phases are the first two. Planning is critical and architect and design are essential. Since software requirements often change, often late in the project; team members must involve early to understand the business needs, analyze and verify requirements to reduce the risk of requirements change. The effort needed should be at least 20% in requirements phase, 20% in planning phase, and 20% in architect and design phase. By having at least 60% of team members involve in the project early, the team can work with customers to collect requirements then breakdowns requirements into smaller components where they can estimate more accurately. Knowing the effort and time required to implement, they can plan the project accordingly. The team organizes these components according to architecture so in the end they all fit correctly. Only when these works are done the team could design each component in more detail. By doing most of the work earlier and make sure that all requirements are accounted for; construction and testing would be easier. Software project does not fail because developers cannot code; it often fails because of bad requirements, bad planning, and bad project management.<\/p>\n

Because of the confusion about \u201cproject management\u201d and \u201csoftware project management\u201d, some managers do not pay enough attention to the early phases of software development resulting in many failure. In some countries, software project management is not taught in undergraduate program so students do not understand the concept and the software project management life cycle. Most project management class is taught in business school where students do not have knowledge of software development. Without proper knowledge of software, without proper software project training, many managers follow the common method of \u201cCode & Fix\u201d. This method ignores requirements and design in favor of a simple way to code first then fixing later. Project planning is done by the project manager without the participation of team members. Without proper knowledge of software, project estimate is based on the schedule given by customer even customer really do not know how long would take to complete the project. The project plan is based on a budget given by manager without proper estimation. When it is approved, it never been updated even requirements have changed. The team spends most efforts on coding and fixing. The more they fix the more defects they add so they have to fix it again. The cycle of code and fix continues until the end. As a result, software project is costly, does not meet schedule, and often has poor quality. Unfortunately, this method is still being used in many places.<\/p>\n

Some students asked me: \u201cWhy software differs from non-software project? It is simple, software project deals with \u201cintellectual work\u201d when the other deals with \u201cphysical work\u201d. You can look at a physical work like the construction of a house and know that how much it has been completed. For example, 10% or 50% but it is difficult to do that with a product which is still in the mind of developers. A good construction manager know how long it will take to build a house, he can calculate the size, the materials, and the labor efforts. It is difficult to calculate the size and effort of a software project, especially during early phases. That is why it needs a different approach and method to manage software project.<\/p>\n

I often ask students: \u201cCan a non-software person (e.g., students from business school) manage a software project? I have written about this topic several times in my blog. I often use it as a topic for discussion in my software project management class and it always create interesting discussions among students.<\/p>\n

My question to you: What are you doing on your software projects? I am sure that you do not plan to fail, but if you have failed before, perhaps it is time for you to learn more about software project management or take a professional training course on this topic.<\/p>\n

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