{"id":1619,"date":"2013-07-03T10:18:06","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T03:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1619"},"modified":"2013-07-03T10:18:06","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T03:18:06","slug":"phu-nu-trong-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1619","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ts. Linda Hamilton l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m 250 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean 700 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp h\u01a1n 4000 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y t\u1edbi th\u0103m CMU v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau cho d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u theo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e0i n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p do \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i trong vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cPh\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u1ecfi trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ecd th\u00edch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eang t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, khi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n k\u00edn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1edfi m\u1edf. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m cho r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u? N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay bi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fa \u200e\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng ti.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi n\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u1eef vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nam.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTrao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 huy, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. T\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o gi\u1eef y\u00ean t\u0129nh. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng? Qu\u00e3ng 67% \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec 31% ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nam \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng la l\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u0129 n\u0103ng li\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Khi t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti cho\u00e1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1edbm, d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 72% c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ts Linda m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ai nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00edt d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u01a1n; nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cC\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m cho h\u1ecd \u01b0u th\u1ebf khi ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh; h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch logic, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang t\u00ecm thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng may ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn\u00a0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau n\u1eef trong l\u1edbp k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u0103m nay?\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 65 trong 250 sinh vi\u00ean.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00edt, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef h\u01a1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y? Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc kinh doanh, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khi nh\u01b0ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e3o ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Women in project management<\/p>\n

Dr. Linda Hamilton is the author of a research about the role of woman in software project management. She visited 250 Information Technology organizations, interviewed over 700 managers and collected over 4000 software project data. Last week, she visited CMU and gave a presentation to my class about her research.<\/p>\n

She said: \u201cMen and women are different so they manage project differently even they all follow the principles of software project management. The technical skills are not much different but it is the natural talents of women that help them to become better managers than men. Today software is still a male-dominated industry with few women in the role of developers, testers and project managers. But it is changing as more women are now studying computer science, software engineering, and information system management.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cWhat are the natural talents that a woman has that make her better manager than a man?\u201d<\/p>\n

She explained: \u201cWomen are good communicators. They like to talk to people and will share information openly with everybody on her team. This natural inclination to talk helps them to work much better as software project managers. Because women carry informal conversations regularly with the project team make it easier for her to identify concerns or issues that may be hidden if not discussed openly. The natural caring of a woman make it more likely that she will solve the issue before it becomes a problem. Good communication is not just about talking but also about report effectively to senior managers and company owners. In my research, I found that most women wrote better than men and their status reports were excellent. During my interview with senior managers, most agreed with my findings. Software is a highly technical subject and very complex. They are difficult to explain in writing. How do you make something complex to something simple and easily understood? It requires a talent in writing and this is where women excel. I analyzed thousand of project reports and found that most women project managers do not use complexity or technical jargon like men. Most wrote in a simple, clear and somehow make a complex issue seem uncomplicated. Many company owners took notice and that is one reason, more women get promoted to higher level in the company.\u201d<\/p>\n

I said: \u201cThat is interesting, I never thought about it. Since you mentioned it, I also found that female students write better paper and essay than male.\u201d<\/p>\n

She smiled: \u201cGood communication also motivates the project team. By talking often to individual team members and being sympathetic to their concerns, women project managers can build motivated teams who are willing to work hard and support the project goals. Strong motivated teams will always have the advantage when developing complex software. Men can motivate a team but it is usually in term of command, control and very direct. The talents of female project managers are flexible and somehow effortless. They know when to praise and when to keep quiet. When I asked developers about whom do they want to work for? About 67% preferred to work for women project managers. However, since 31% never worked for women manager, they said that they did not know. Overall, if given a chance, most probably will work for women. One important factor that I found was women often discouraged team members from competing against each other. On the contrary, male managers preferred to have members to compete. That was not a good way to build team. Women were also good at defusing conflicts among team members better than men. When project is under pressure, women are much calmer than men. They rely more on the team to solve problem by encourage and praise when men often yell, and threaten them. From my research, communication, inter-personal skills, and team-building are areas where women excel in software companies.\u201d<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cIs there anything else?<\/p>\n

She said: \u201cOf course, there were new things that I found may surprise you. When I presented them, many company owners were shock. We all know that a majority of software projects are delivered late and cost more. There are many studies about that already. But what I found was the best women project managers somehow have a way that encourages projects to exceed expectations. Successful projects are projects that delivering on-time, on-budget and meeting the requirements. But there were many projects that are delivered early, under-budget and exceeding customers\u2019 expectations. The most interesting facts were 72% of these projects were managed by women.\u201d<\/p>\n

I was surprised: \u201cThat is amazing. I did not know that.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dr Linda smiled: \u201cYou are not alone, many people were surprised too. There were many people conducted studies on project failures but not many paid attention to projects that were success. No one even asked who the project managers were but I did and found that female project managers surpassed male project managers on similar projects. They have fewer failure projects; more projects delivered that met or exceeded expectations; Better ratio of meeting project schedule and budget. Most of all, in the data collected, the projects that managed by women were more difficult, based on resource effort required.\u201d<\/p>\n

She continued: \u201cHaving these data, I investigated more by interview these successful women. What I found was also contributed to the natural talents of women. Most women can do more than one things at a same time. This multi-tasking ability gives them an advantage when it comes to managing change and risks. This is an area where men cannot match. Men by nature are linear thinking; they do things in a logical, step by step fashion. They do one thing, finish it then go to the next. Women can do many things at a same time. They can set priorities, manage requirement changes, calculate budget, and communicate to their team without being distracted. They understand teamwork and they take advantage of their team\u2019s talents to do the work. They are better communicators, are more collaborative and have the multi-tasking skills to manage projects better than men. This is why in the past few years, more women are getting promoted to higher positions and many companies are looking to hire more women graduates in information technology. Unfortunately, we do not have enough of women studying in this area. A large software company owner told me that he could hire thousands of them, if he can find them.\u201d<\/p>\n

She smiled and asked me: \u201cHow many of women do you have in your software engineering class this year?\u201d<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cI had 65 out of 250 students.\u201d<\/p>\n

She commented: \u201cThat is too little, not even a half. How do we get more women into this field? The job prospect is good, the advancement opportunity is great, and the salary is excellent. Why study business, finance, banking, and education when these areas already reached the saturation point of oversupply and fewer demand?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ts. Linda Hamilton l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1619"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1620,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1619\/revisions\/1620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}