{"id":1587,"date":"2013-07-03T09:55:44","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1587"},"modified":"2013-07-03T09:55:44","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:55:44","slug":"kiem-thu-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1587","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sai v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong sinh vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 “vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi” v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a ng\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft xong v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay trong pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Kh\u00f4ng may, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e3 thay v\u00ec tham gia v\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng nhau. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 duy logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 s\u1ebd kh\u1eed b\u1ecf lo\u1ea1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u duy tr\u00ec trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tham gia s\u1edbm v\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft xong r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. K\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, trong khi v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh cho s\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ee7i ro cao n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 cho.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i. H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1edbi v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng, k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt, t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chung c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. “Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u00e9m” c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00edt n\u00ean b\u1ecb kh\u1eed b\u1ecf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho c\u00f4ng ti nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m.\u201d Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software testing<\/p>\n

There are many wrong perceptions about software testing that creates a lot of confusions among students. Many students think software testing is a boring job as testers sit in front of a computer waiting for developers gives them their code to test.\u00a0 Many students believe that testing is a \u201ctemporary job\u201d for them to gain experiences before move up to developing job. Some software companies hire people with limited training to be testers as they do not have enough skills to work as developers. These are reasons why software have many defects and often fail to perform accordingly.<\/p>\n

Testing is a creative process that supports the overall software development process. This only happens when testers make an effort towards understanding their contributions towards the development process and how to improve project workflow and communication with the other project members. Experienced testers always improve their skills that allow them to approach testing from a multi-disciplined approach. They always take the initiative to seal the gap between the developers and users. They understands the point of view of the users by understand the business environment then communicates to developers the reason why a bug needs to be fixed in certain way. They also understand the point of view of the developers then communicate to users why certain functions must be prioritized in certain way. That is why experienced testers never wait until the code is done and start testing. They start early in the project during requirements phase because they must develop test cases to validate that software meets users\u2019 requirements.<\/p>\n

Even today, few students understand the testing process. They believe that testing means check the code of developers for bugs without understand that they should be involved in the entire software development process. Many do not even know the software development lifecycle and the importance of quality in the software project. Many students are not aware of the business goals and objectives of the project as part of the larger business function of the company. Unfortunately, many training programs are still focusing on the programming aspect without teaching about software process and the roles of software testers in the overall development process. That is why there are many misunderstandings between developers and testers that create unnecessary conflicts. Many testers do not understand the developers, finding them unfriendly, and feeling uncomfortable with them. They often stay away from developers that they should work with. They do not know how to share their view with developers and make important contributions to the project. Eventually many testers end up passively by only testing the code rather than involve in the entire development process.<\/p>\n

Experienced testers do not act passively. They start early by meet with users so that they can understand the type of testing which is expected of them. This also helps prioritize the testing areas that could be validated by users. They always initiate regular meetings that allow them and developers to exchange information. Both parties also understand the kind of feedback expected in these meetings and together develop a defined process to identify and solve problems together. By having the well defined process, they can improve the communication and the responsibility of each team to ensure a high quality and productive relationship for the project.<\/p>\n

Today, many software developers and testers do not understand the important of having a defined process. Without a process, interaction will happen at the individual level and conflicts often happen. Testers blame developers of having too many bugs. Developers complain that testers do not understand their logical thinking. Having a well defined process will eliminate this kind of conflict and avoid personal problems between project team members. Inexperienced testers do not understand the need to maintain good communication with developers. They do not know how to involve early in the project by participate in all development phases. Many just wait until the code is done then start testing. It is too late and that is why many software products have defects. Communication skills are essential criteria in testing. Having the right people skills enables the tester to maintain a good relationship with developers and management, while allowing testers to understand developers’ viewpoints and being careful about the nature of bugs filed for fixing.<\/p>\n

The testing function requires the tester to be alert and aware of changes within the software product under test at all times and to be capable of making the right decisions at the required time. Testers should always find the means of updating their knowledge and skills as it helps to improve their understanding of the work of developers. By continuous training testers will develop the needed skills to understand the finer points of the software testing process and allow them to make good judgment about which high-risk areas should be focused for testing given a limited time.<\/p>\n

Testing is an very important function that every company must have to ensure the quality of its product. It is a profession that deserves a lot of respect. Testing is a progressive state and should always be followed through with accurate test cases to ensure the quality of the final product. Customer focus is a key feature in the development of a quality software product and it is important that all project team members understand the meaning of quality in this respect. The success of the testing effort depends in part on the careful evaluation of customer needs and feedback into the development of a successful software product. Today, software are being done in a rapid development environment, it is more critical to have experienced testers to prevent the risks of delivering a poorly tested software product.<\/p>\n

Although testers come in varying skills, discipline, creativity and experience. The quality of the software product depends on the worth of these individuals in contributing towards the testing effort and the general success of the testing process. It is important that testers be given the required training in understanding their part in the testing effort. The \u201cbad practice\u201d of hiring people with limited skills, people with few months of trainings, people that is willing to work for less should be eliminated. There are many studies concluded that: \u201cTo save money by hiring low paying, unskilled people as testers will always cost the company much more due to poor quality issues.\u201d Testing is an important professional position. Testers play a critical role in the software development and they deserve a much better recognition to their contribution.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sai v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong sinh vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1587"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1588,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1587\/revisions\/1588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}