{"id":1581,"date":"2013-07-03T09:51:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1581"},"modified":"2013-07-03T09:51:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:51:31","slug":"tac-dong-cua-toan-cau-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1581","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u1eefng giao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng giao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng; m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t website. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng; website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u00e0; m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o internet. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng “c\u00fa b\u1ea5m chu\u1ed9t”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Italy c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef: \u201cKhi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ch\u00e1n, h\u1ecd \u0111i mua s\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u00e1n, h\u1ecd x\u00e2m l\u0103ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i mua b\u00e1n.\u201d V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Italy n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh: \u201cKhi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ch\u00e1n, h\u1ecd \u0111i mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1edbi th\u0103m website e-Bay, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u00e1n h\u1ecd ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua trung gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u qua website c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd. V\u1edbi c\u00fa b\u1ea5m chu\u1ed9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ch\u00fang tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hay kinh doanh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i t\u1edbi h\u1ecd qua kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i hay internet. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o website n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m “vi kho\u00e1n” hay “kho\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 th\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3, g\u1eedi n\u00f3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n…<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kinh t\u1ebf, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c k\u00e9m m\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c mua cao h\u01a1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0y nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn doanh nghi\u1ec7p, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed cao sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o do lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp\/xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm b\u1ecb kh\u1eed b\u1ecf khi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp\/xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c: \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho n\u01a1i \u1edf. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em cao v.v.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p l\u00ed ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung s\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung m\u1edbi n\u01a1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0hay v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng sang v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng emails, tin nh\u1eafn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Facebook hay Twitter. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m “th\u00f4ng minh doanh nghi\u1ec7p” m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, thay v\u00ec tu\u1ea7n hay th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ngang qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong khu v\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nhanh h\u01a1n, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u co l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “l\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u” n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a internet. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng minh, v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd kh\u1eed b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 hay qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t khai m\u1ecf v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00f4, ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i g\u00ec r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti khai th\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti d\u1eddi c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u00e2y ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v.v.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1eebng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The impact of globalization<\/p>\n

Globalization can be defined as the movement of products, services, technology, information, and workers throughout the world. Before the application of information technology, these transactions mainly took the form of exports and imports but as technology developed, these transactions became easier and much faster.<\/p>\n

Today, people can do business all over the world from anyplace and at anytime. You do not need to sell your product in the market; all you need is a website. You do not need to open a store; your website is your store. You do not need to go anywhere to buy things since you can do it at home; all you need is a computer that has access to the internet. You can visit many stores in few minutes; you can buy almost anything just by a \u201cmouse click\u201d. The Italian has a proverb: \u201cWhen women are bored, they go shopping but when men are bored, they invade another country and called it shopping.\u201d With globalization, this Italian proverb has been changed to: \u201cWhen women are bored, they go to shopping on line and visit e-Bay website, but when men are bored they play video games and called it \u201cStudy information technology\u201d. Today sellers can sell their products directly to buyers without have to go through intermediate. Buyers can benefit in the form of better prices and lower costs. With information technology, a seller in Africa can sell products to buyers in Europe via his website. With good air transportation, the buyer in Europe can receive the product in a matter of few hours. With a mouse click, a buyer in Europe can transfer payment to a bank in Africa and the seller can have it deposited to his bank account within second. By having lot of raw materials and government supports, developing countries can develop many things at lower costs and sell them all over the world and improve their economies. E-commerce or e-business has helped created over sixty million new jobs in developing countries in the past few years.<\/p>\n

Today skilled workers can work anyplace and at anytime without have to leave home. They do not have to travel to work but work comes to them via outsourcing or the internet. A good programmer does not need to work for a company but he can access certain website for \u201cmicro-sourcing\u201d or \u201ccrowd-sourcing\u201d and bid on a job. If approved, he can work on it, sends it to customer and receives payment on the same day. The available of skilled workers in developing countries means that they can do work at lower wages than in developed countries…<\/p>\n

From the economic view, globalization can lead to high productivity, high availability of products and services to people of the world. It can lead to specialization on a global scale, with each country doing what it is best for them. A country that has fertile lands can specialize in agriculture and focuses on food production where a country in an infertile area can specialize more on manufacturing and focuses on machinery and equipments. Globalization also means buying and selling to a worldwide market. In an ideal condition, any country can sell not only its products but also its labor and services to the whole world. This leads to better salaries in many poor countries, resulting in better economic conditions and higher purchasing power in global markets. Global competition can also lead to higher efficiencies and better quality. Countries that do not pay attention to quality cannot compete with other higher quality in the global market. Countries that rely on low cost cannot stay the same as sooner or later there will be others that have lower cost than them. For example, today China is considered a low cost labor country but as countries in Africa began to emerge in globalization, it would be difficult for Chinese labors to compete with African labors on cost.<\/p>\n

From the business view, globalization has significant impact on people and the local job market. When manufacturing and jobs move from high cost countries to lower cost countries, jobs are lost in the developed countries which affect a lot of people. Loss of jobs also becomes a political issue in developed countries. Although developing countries gain jobs in manufacturing due to their low cost labor but they are impacted in different ways. Farmers in developing countries cannot compete with food exports from developed countries that have lower price, better quality because they have larger farms, better equipments and modern agriculture practices. Small businesses in developing countries cannot compete with powerful and large companies from developed nations. Local companies such as imports\/exports, financial, banking will soon be eliminated when these giant banking, financing and import\/export corporations move into their countries.<\/p>\n

From the environment view, globalization has significant impact on the environment. A major impact on the developing countries happens when manufacturing factories are relocated there. Although it helps create a lot of low paying jobs but it hides another major issue: Pollution and toxic wastes. Since most developing countries do not have rigorous rules and regulations for environmental issues. Companies from developed countries can exploit this situation leading to severe pollution and environmental degradation in these countries. Most of these damages are permanent and cannot be reversed. Land pollutes by toxic wastes cannot be used for agriculture or even living in. It can cause many diseases such as cancers, and high infant mortality etc.<\/p>\n

From the operational view, globalization has significant impact on the business management as they will be seriously affected when operations are on a global scale. Organization structures will have to adapt for the changing in the markets, cultures and local practices. With the integration of information technology, many organizations will be streamlined and flatten-out to increase efficiency. That means much less demand for middle level management; especially the individual direction and decision making will be replaced by corporation\u2019s standard processes. The centralized control from top down will be replaced by new decentralization structure where decisions can be made at appropriate level based on roles and responsibilities. These also impact on the way business workers are trained. Many activities such as accounting, finance will be automated by powerful software products. Office communication from person to person or office to office will be replaced by emails, text messages, and even Facebook or Twitter. Employee productivity will be collected by powerful \u201cbusiness intelligence\u201d software that can analyze and summarize to company owner every hour, instead of weeks or months.<\/p>\n

Globalization is an amazing phenomenon of people, information, technology, finance, products, and services crossing national boundaries and moving into a global area. With information technology and faster transportation, the whole world has begun to shrink into a single “global village” where things happen at the speed of the internet. It has advantages and also disadvantages, depending on different viewpoints.<\/p>\n

With globalization, global companies have found new way to expand their market by move quickly to sell products to developing countries. Using their strong capital, clever advertising, and business experiences, they eliminate smaller local companies and control market there. Some companies acquire natural materials that are not available or are too expensive in their countries by excavate lands to mine for raw materials, destroy forests for wood products, fishing rivers and sea using their large and modernized fleets until there is nothing left then move on to another country. Some companies exploit cheap labor to lower their costs and increase profits in poor working environment where workers must work long hours without rest. Some companies relocate manufacturing factories that cause pollution and chemical wastes to developing countries that do not have strict regulations for environmental control and destroy these lands for ever etc.<\/p>\n

These are facts that are happening today all over the world. Of course, the solution is not about stopping globalization but being aware of the advantages as well as the disadvantages and makes the right decision. A good decision is not just for current economic situation, but also for the future of a society, a country, and future generation who will have to live with the decision that we are making today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1581"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1582,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions\/1582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}