{"id":1562,"date":"2013-07-03T09:38:22","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1562"},"modified":"2013-07-03T09:38:22","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:38:22","slug":"quan-li-cong-nghe-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1562","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh , k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, t\u1edbi theo d\u00f5i, \u0111o v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u0129 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a CNTT, c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ngang qua c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qui qu\u1ea3n (governance) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1, hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng minh doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti, t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 “c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp”. T\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (HR) \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti. V\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi HR ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hay thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a CNTT s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng CNTT to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Customer Relationship Management (CRM), v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p Supply Chain Management (SCM) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 theo m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. Trong c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ti, doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh “c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p” \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. T\u00ednh mau l\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3nh quan to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti. Qui qu\u1ea3n (governance) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ec h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng theo doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7t ra. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 trong to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh qua \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh m\u1eadt, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ERP, SCM v\u00e0 CRM \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u0169ng cao b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 “\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp” v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u201cqui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u201d xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng ti, nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng? Bao nhi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed trong “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin” n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information technology Management<\/p>\n

Today Information Technology (IT) has become an integral part of the operation of many businesses. The success of the company is tied to its effective use of information technology and its applications. Activities are becoming standard processes with roles, responsibilities and authorities. Workers will have access to information that allows them to make certain decisions based on their responsibility without have to wait for management direction. IT applications are used to automate many operations, from finance, accounting, to tracking, measuring and collecting data for further analysis and report.<\/p>\n

With the application of IT, there is a high demand for new types of manager who can optimize the business process by manage and implement new technologies. With the use of cloud computing and Software as a Services, companies would no longer need lower skilled IT workers in data center to maintain and support IT systems since they will be outsourced to cloud computing service providers. However, the company will need higher technology skilled workers to automate their business processes for efficiency and productivity. These automation and standardization will require a well designed architecture to ensure company-wide fully integrated information systems. Without them, there will be chaotic if every unit or function in the company could turn on any application they wanted without any consideration on how their information is integrated with or shared across other areas of the company. That is why a new type of manager is needed to manage these information systems.<\/p>\n

Traditional business managers are trained to manage people but the new type of managers is educated to manage technology. These managers must have both business and technical skills. The focus is on the management of critical technical resources and controls them to ensure effective governance of systems and resource utilization. These managers should have knowledge of process design and optimization, understand business processes, and have access to data to support planning and decision-making such as Business Intelligence systems.<\/p>\n

In the traditional way of organizing a company, each part of business operates as \u201cindependent functions\u201d. Each function can be optimized for its particular roles, to develop product or provide service. For example, a finance function will have its own finance people, its own computer system that focuses on finance. The Finance system has nothing to do with the human resource (HR) function which focuses on hiring and managing company employees. As Human resource function operates independently from other functions, they will have their own HR people and its own computer system that focuses on employee records, payrolls, and other policies. In every company, there are several independent functions and independent computer systems that do not interact with each other. Therefore it would be very difficult to get meaningful information for optimization or data collection. It is very inefficient, expensive and difficult to change.<\/p>\n

With globalization, competition is fierce and the new rules are speed and efficiency. The application of IT would help improving the competitiveness of the company by improving speed and efficiency. This means that everything must change and be integrated. The application of comprehensive IT applications such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Supply Chain Management (SCM) are being applied in many companies to gain those advantages.<\/p>\n

However, for companies that organized by traditional independent functional structure, it would be very difficult to adapt to changing business needs. For many years these functions have evolved for a single purpose and its systems are optimized for that single purpose. In the new way of organizing a company structure, businesses are organized as \u201cIntegrated standard processes\u201d to provide services to meet the needs of multiple functions of business. The management of processes is separated from the management of business. The design of services requires systems design expertise, the integration of services requires enterprise data management, and the efficient utilization of technology requires technical standards and skills. The agility of the company will depend on an overall design in which business services participate to produce customer value. These responsibilities do not belong to individual functional managers or line of business managers, but require a cross-company perspective. Effective governance also relies on access to information about the operation of the business, derived from the various business operation systems and integrated into consistent views.<\/p>\n

Consequently, as manager of technology, the new information system managers are trained to support the effective use of technology to ensure that the solutions are optimized for the company as a whole, not for the particular interests of one unit of business or functional area. As they manage systems integration, they will drive the alignment of business and the supporting information systems according to a vision set by company owners. Basically they should be able to develop and enforce technical standards and policies to support integration and optimization throughout the company. They should manage all data collection to support the analysis, planning and decision-making at all levels. They should manage the company architecture-specification of business capabilities, the information systems that support them and the processes by which they contribute value to the company and its customers. They should control information protection to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of enterprise data and the systems that process and communicate it.<\/p>\n

Today enterprise software packages such as ERP, SCM and CRM are being implemented all over the world but the failure rate is also high because many companies are still operate as \u201cindependent functional units: and not as \u201cIntegrated standard process\u201d across the enterprise. Unless the management who are responsible to make it happens are well trained in managing information system and understand the interaction of multiple systems across the company, these systems will not be effective as they should.<\/p>\n

As the job of manager are changing from managing people to managing technology the question is how many people are ready for this change in direction? How many schools are prepared to provide management training in this \u201cInformation technology age\u201d?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1562"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1563,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions\/1563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}