{"id":1558,"date":"2013-07-03T09:33:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1558"},"modified":"2013-07-03T09:33:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:33:05","slug":"qui-trinh-lap-ke-hoach-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1558","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 28% ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 72% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay ch\u1ec9 \u00edt \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1; kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1ed5 b\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. V\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i sau khi chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; l\u1eadp ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; v\u00e0 chia c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra trong t\u1eebng pha.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tham gia c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 trong pha s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f9ng r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 “ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan li\u00eau” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m tra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n giao ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2m v\u00e0o tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n theo h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng e-mail, tin nh\u1eafn, wiki, hay trang d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ean website \u0111\u1ec3 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch (\u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u) hay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00eam (t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed) hay gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (\u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi).<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea5u x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1c quan; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5; kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee9 th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi sau khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v.v. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u00cdch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ea1o ra cho h\u1ecd, do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi kinh doanh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i doanh nghi\u1ec7p khi c\u00f4ng ti t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00cdch l\u1ee3i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Project planning process<\/p>\n

According to a new industry report, a major issue in software development is the lack of project management skills. The report found that only 28% of software project managers received proper trainings. The remaining 72% were promoted with no training or only little training. That may be the reason why so many software projects have failed.<\/p>\n

Without proper trainings, software projects failed when something happen and project managers do not know what to do. Failure to gather adequate customers\u2019 requirements is one factor; failure to estimate schedule is another factor. Do not know how to deal with pressure is another factor. Sometime, under pressure from customers to meet schedule, project managers order the team to skip testing and deliver the untested software just to meet demand. With poor quality product, the project must fix all defects after deliver to customer and it is more expensive than if they were fixed in the developing process.<\/p>\n

Successful software companies understand that having a well-defined process is the key to better software quality and avoiding expensive rework. The key to a successful project is in the planning. There are many methods and techniques for planning a software project but the main foundation is project managers must follow a defined process for planning a project. In large projects, planning is very critical. Project managers must follow a process to define the vision and goals for the project; set the scope of the project; and breakdown requirements into smaller tasks to estimate efforts, resources, costs and time. Even in small projects, planning is also important. Project managers must follow a process to organize and prioritized tasks to be released in each phases.<\/p>\n

By following a process, project managers will be able to plan every project consistently. It helps project managers to organize activities accordingly. For example, they should make project goals achievable by prioritizing the works done on each releases so the team can stay focus on specific things. By involving customers and users with the team during the early phase of the project to discuss objective, risks, and benefits so everybody can understand the issues in the project. By sharing information, it promotes a better understanding of the project. This process also help project manager to set short-term goals and long-term goals, what need to be done now and what could be done later.<\/p>\n

Many people consider process as \u201cbureaucracy activities\u201d to document things. That is a wrong concept as they do not understand that process is a way to organize works based on a set of priority, a sequence order of things, and a roadmap where project manager can explain activities in the order of execution so that everybody can understand. Project\u2019s defined process demands that customers, users, and project team to review requirements and verify the business objectives of the project. If necessary, it requires the team to build a prototype to clarify customers\u2019 needs and keep the project team on the correct path. It requires the project to have several small actionable milestones (Ideally, about no more than four weeks apart) to ensure progress is made. This is critical for users who want short-term deliverables within a short time. It also provides opportunity for faster recovery if the project starts to get into trouble.<\/p>\n

Projects that follow a defined process must publicize the project plan, schedules, milestones and distribute regular status information in the most accessible way possible. They can use e-mail, text messages, wiki, or website project pages so more people are familiar with the project\u2019s progress. It also increases the chances of catching a potential problem that a project manager may have missed. A common problem often happened during planning is when a project has a scheduled deadline from the customer that is not realistic based on the project estimates. By having a process in place with facts and data, it is easier to contact the customer to renegotiate the scheduled deadline (Change schedule) or request additional workers (increased cost) or reduce the functionality of the project (change scope).<\/p>\n

Risk management is an important part that often gets ignored during planning. By following a defined process, project managers can identify as many risks to the project and be prepared if something bad happens. For example: Time and cost estimates are too optimistic; unclear definition of roles and responsibilities; Customers\u2019 needs are not well understood; customers keep adding new requirements after the project has started etc. These risks can be tracked and mitigated as necessary.<\/p>\n

The benefits of following a project planning processes are numerous. Customers will appreciate the high level of work that the company produces for them, thus leading to new business and more profits. By having a well defined processes, it will allow management to look at the process to improve it and adjust it to accommodate business changes as company grows. The most important benefit is that project managers do not have to solve the same problems but instead focuses on producing the best work possible.<\/p>\n

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