{"id":1550,"date":"2013-07-03T09:28:11","date_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1550"},"modified":"2013-07-03T09:28:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-03T02:28:11","slug":"he-thong-tin-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1550","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00f4 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u1eeb tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eeb tin \u0111\u1ed3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t sinh b\u1edfi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00fap cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng truy nh\u1eadp, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. S\u1ebd kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qua Web, x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf M\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang ng\u1ee7. H\u1ecd x\u1eed l\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0o v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 internet, m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp qua b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Giao t\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f5 th\u00e0nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 k\u00ed, d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y ch\u1eef. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi v\u00e0i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ph\u01a1i ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i \u1edf v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 sinh ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 huy m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng minh doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong kinh doanh v\u00e0 sinh ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gian l\u1eadn b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng theo c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ti. Khi c\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00eam. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec3u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. T\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh cho n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti mua h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gay g\u1eaft v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tinh v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti – Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP); Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng – Customer Relations Management (CRM); v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p – Supply Chain Management (SCM), \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Business Information System<\/p>\n

Business owners always need information for making decisions. They need to know the market demand of their products so they can set the selling prices; they need to know the cost and revenue to calculate their profits; they need to know the price fluctuation in the market so they can buy raw materials at the best price possible. Without knowing this information, they cannot control their business effectively. Before the use of computer, many have to obtain these information from the newspapers, from radios, from government\u2019s directions, from their own intuition, or even from market rumors. With information system, they can get all information that they need to make decision without have to leave their desks, and these information are much more accurate with more details.<\/p>\n

Business Information System can be defined as a system that processes data generated by business and creates information that helps management making decisions, solves problems, reduces risks, and controls the business. Today information system is based on computers and telecommunication technology that access, collect, and process data from all over the world, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. It would be difficult to find a business that does not depend on information systems. Today, these systems collect market data via the Web, processes business transactions in India or China when managers in the U.S are still in bed. They process, analyze, and develop full reports for managers when they enter their office in the morning.<\/p>\n

Before the use of computer and the internet, all information have to be collected via newspapers, radios, and phone calls between offices around the world. Business transactions have to be entered, processed and prepared by several people manually. They have to be analyzed by business specialists then typed into reports by secretaries, using typewriters. These reports are sent to several offices for managers to review before compiled into an executive report to the company owner. Such a manual system will typically takes several weeks or months to generate reports. They were also exposed to errors at several points, and could be modified by managers at certain levels before it reaches the company owner. Information systems using computers, could process all data, doing elaborate analysis, and generates reports in a matter of hours. Therefore, company owner has all the information to make decision quickly.<\/p>\n

Information systems process data by special business software written for particular purpose. Such software can command the computer to analyze data in numerous ways and produce different kinds of reports. Different managers get the data analyzed in different ways to suit their roles, responsibility of their jobs. For example, managers at the factory will only see factory data so they can make decision at the factory level. Sales and marketing managers will only see sale data so they can make decision about advertising and marketing to increase product sale. Of course, company owner will see everything if he wishes but mostly he needs important data that allows him to make strategic decision. These types of reports would have been impossible in a manual system.<\/p>\n

With the advancement of information technology, many information systems have specific sophisticated functions that analyze data for different purposes. Since data are organized and stored in database for retrieval and update. There specific business intelligence software will search them to analyze for trends in business and generate special reports to senior executives or company owner. These software applies data mining, data analysis and search technology to identify inaccuracy, flaws, or even fraud within the systems. It starts by create certain standards targets then accumulate data along and make it possible to check whether actual performance is meeting these standards and whether targets have been changed or are likely to be modified. It can summarize both internal and external data in graphic formats to alert senior management of certain issues in the company. When needed, it allows senior managers to look for any specifics to further investigations. These software also collect external information such as industry and market data to help managers understand emerging trends.<\/p>\n

Development of these information system starts with the analysis of specific requirements. Each company has different needs and different ways to do business so their requirements will vary. Software developers who design these systems must understand their needs and write different programs for each company. As more companies are buying information systems, they need more developers to write specific software. Suddenly the demand for software developers and IT workers exploded all over the world.\u00a0 That is why today the demand for IT workers is much higher and the shortage of IT skilled workers become critical as more companies need these information systems.<\/p>\n

To operate such robust information systems requires a new type of managers who are knowledgeable about technology. A good information system manager can provides senior managers and company owner with up-to-date status reports and also point out problem areas. They can organize certain reports based on internal operational or external market. Today several of these information systems have been standardized into an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP); Customer Relations Management (CRM); and Supply Chain Management (SCM) that help global companies to manage their operations all over the world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1550"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1551,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1550\/revisions\/1551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}