{"id":155,"date":"2013-06-17T19:28:15","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T12:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=155"},"modified":"2013-06-17T19:28:15","modified_gmt":"2013-06-17T12:28:15","slug":"tai-sao-chung-ta-can-ban-mau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=155","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang em c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu? Em tin r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 em b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i tung. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. B\u1ea3n m\u1eabu KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu v\u00ec \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hay b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i v\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi ti\u1ebft cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5 sung hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1eeda l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cho t\u1edbi khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00eam l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1edbm trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

Why do we need a prototype?<\/p>\n

A Computer Science student asked: \u201cWhy do we need to build a prototype? I believe that I can build software based on the requirements without have to go through another step of prototyping. It is a waste of time and I am confused. Please advice.\u201d<\/p>\n

Answer: By definition, a prototype is a working model that is functionally equivalent to a component of the product. A prototype is NOT the real product but only incomplete versions of the product. Students often confused about prototyping because in school they are given a clear requirements where they can start design and code immediately but in the working environment, customers often do not give a clear requirements. They only have a general view of the software product but not enough details. Of course without detailed information, developer cannot design and code so they need to build a model or prototype and allow customers to use it to see if it is what they need. By interacting with a working prototype, customers can provide inputs, feedbacks and detailed functionalities so developers understand what customer\u2019s needs are and document them in the requirements specifications and start the project.<\/p>\n

The process of prototyping consists of the following steps: Identify basic requirements for the product. Determine the input and output information desired. Develop the first prototype that only includes user interfaces. Let customers examine, interact and provide feedback on additions or changes. Revise the prototype with the user interfaces until customers are satisfied. Begin to add call to each function without develop the real function and negotiate with customers about what functions are needed, the priority of the functions as well as the scope of the project.<\/p>\n

By using prototyping software developers can obtain feedback from the customers early in the project so the requirements are better defined. The customers and developers can determine if the software product matches the software requirements. It also allows the software developers to better estimate the time and costs based on the accuracy of requirements specification then plan the project accordingly. Without prototyping, developers may build something that customers do not want which requires modifications and fixings which often lead to higher costs and more defects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang em c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu? Em tin r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=155"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions\/157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}