{"id":1535,"date":"2013-07-02T21:42:51","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T14:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1535"},"modified":"2013-07-02T21:46:53","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T14:46:53","slug":"nguoi-quan-li-du-an-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1535","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1eed em theo l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hai tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a em. Em c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb blog c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y. Em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u1ea1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111i d\u1ef1 kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn hay chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cho t\u1ed5 tu\u00e2n theo. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mong \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n gi\u1eef trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng do c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi xin th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1eebng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Coi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e1ng tin.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 hay bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 sau. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Effective project manager<\/p>\n

A software manager wrote to me: \u201cAfter four years working as a software developer, I was promoted to project manager. The company sent me to a two-week project management course to improve my skills. I also learned a lot from your blog. I want to be the best software project manager. Do you have any additional advices?”<\/p>\n

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Answer: As a new project manager, you will gain more skills and experiences with time in managing software projects. Your management has recognized you as a good developer and rewarded you with a new position. The company also invested in you by sent you to a training course. Now you need to demonstrate your leadership abilities especially in software project management with proper reporting of project progress and successes.<\/p>\n

To become an effective software project manager, you should focus on your project goals and deadlines, support your team, and work well with all people supporting the project and customers. For every project, you need to set vision or direction for the team to follow. By having a vision, you know exactly your purpose and goals and what management expects from you. And as long as you keep communicating to ensure that the vision has not changed, you will succeed. If you can deliver the desired result, management will think of you as an effective project manager.<\/p>\n

Each project has a schedule. Sometime it is set by customer, sometime by management. You need to understand clearly about the schedule and the reason why they set that date. By understand the reason; you will know whether it is a fixed date that cannot be changed or an arbitrary flexible date that you can negotiate. You must work with your project team to come up with a reasonable estimate that your team will support. From these estimates, you can begin to negotiate with management on the schedule. If the schedule is a fixed date and there is a significant difference between your estimate and the schedule, you should ask for more people or reduce project functionality. Of course, if it is a flexible date then you could ask for more time. Some project managers do not take schedule seriously or never pay attention to it and that is why many failed to deliver their projects on time. Do not allow yourself into this situation. Consider the schedule as important and make sure that you never miss a deadline. By doing that, management will think of you as a dependable, valuable skilled manager.<\/p>\n

Every project has a budget. Budget is a control tools for measuring the effectiveness of management\u2019s effort. The budget is often tracked by company owners to identify risk and profits. Make sure that you estimate your budget correctly and be careful with your spending. As project manager, you should monitor and control your budget carefully while the project is underway.<\/p>\n

Software teams often have conflicts among members. The reason is many developers have never received team training or know how to work in team. At the beginning of the project, make sure that you spend time to build the team and assign roles, responsibilities to each member clearly and reasonably to avoid any conflict later. Each day, spend time with the team to talk to them and motivate them about their works. By being with the team on a daily basis, you can identify issues and solve them before they become unsolvable. Your ability to resolve conflicts may be the most important attribute for successful project management. You certainly want to be known as an effective manager. You do not want to get top management to step in to solve personal conflicts for you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1535"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1537,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1535\/revisions\/1537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}