{"id":1529,"date":"2013-07-02T21:39:51","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T14:39:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1529"},"modified":"2013-07-02T21:39:51","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T14:39:51","slug":"doi-thoai-ve-cong-nhan-co-ki-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1529","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tom Mitchell l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00fang cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong kinh doanh n\u00e0y tr\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u cao th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cSao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cThu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft “b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3” v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m sao \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf?”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTi\u00eau ch\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong k\u00ec nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc. “C\u00e1i v\u00e0o” t\u1ed1t cho “c\u00e1i ra” t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf M\u0129. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, cam k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 cho khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u00f4ng coi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qui tr\u00ecnh, b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cS\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. Khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 hai t\u1edbi ba tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m cho ai \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c visa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o M\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y hay ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00edt h\u01a1n n\u0103m n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng hay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v.v.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng bao nhi\u00eau? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau?”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thu\u00ea h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u0129. Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $85,000 t\u1edbi $100,000 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u1edf M\u0129. Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u1ea3 qu\u00e3ng 20% \u00edt h\u01a1n, cho n\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 $70,000 t\u1edbi $80,000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u0129.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u00d4ng tuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u00d4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ebfm khi qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t xin v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u1edf trong kinh doanh n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone. Khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c visa \u0111em h\u1ecd v\u00e0o M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m sao \u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c visa cho h\u1ecd?”<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 visa H1B. Khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn h\u1ecd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5p cho 25 visa th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em 25 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o cho h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m visa, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111em h\u1ecd v\u00e0o M\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u00d4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cTrong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u Phi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u1ea3 M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti coi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i hay xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A conversation about skilled workers<\/p>\n

Tom Mitchell is the owner of a company specializing in recruit Information Technology (IT) skilled workers for global companies. He said: \u201cToday, every company needs skilled workers but they do not have the expertise to distinguish professionals from amateurs so they ask us to do the hiring for them. We recruit skilled workers from many countries, and from all levels and positions. We have offices in many countries, we know people and the cultures and we select the right workers for our customers. I have been in this business for over thirty years, but never seen such as high demand like today.\u201d<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cWhy don\u2019t they directly hire workers but use your service?<\/p>\n

He laughed: \u201cHiring foreign workers is not simple as you think. An U.S. company does not know anything about foreign applicants. They do not know about the education system in those countries. They do not know good schools from bad schools. They do not know \u201cfake degree\u201d from a real degree. They do not know how to interview people from different cultures with different languages. My company is experts in this area, our staff is local people, they live there, and they know the environment and culture there.\u201d<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cHow do you distinguish a good applicant from a not so good?<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cThe key criteria for evaluating IT workers are: Formal training and experience. By formal training we look at the school, by experience we look at their performance. For example, a degree from top schools is a good indicator because it shapes a student\u2019s knowledge and skills as compare with average schools. Top schools carefully select top students during the admission. Good \u201cinput\u201d gives good \u201coutput\u201d. That is why we only select graduates from these top schools. We also review training programs, to make sure that they are compatible with schools in the U.S. Training programs that are not up to date are not desirable, so we do not recruit graduates from these obsolete programs. We also look at foreign language skills, communication skills, attitude, commitment, and assertiveness. We want to make sure that these graduates have similar skills with U.S. graduates so when they are hired, they could do well. If they do well, our customers are happy then it reflects our reputation and they will do more business with us. Of course, how much attention and detail are also depending on position levels. There is a difference between an entry level and an executive level. For higher positions, we look carefully at the experiences and attitudes.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cHow do you qualify experienced workers?\u201d<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cFor experienced persons, we asked for portfolios of past projects that they have worked on. The portfolio may include requirements specifications, architectural designs, test specifications, process definitions, presentations, lists of project that they have managed etc. This gives us the ability to distinguish the level of experience and ability. We have to be carefully and make sure that they have the knowledge and skills that match our customers\u2019 needs. Of course, some people are reluctant about it or have mixed reactions. I told them: \u201cIt would be impossible to think of hiring a senior position without any evidence of performance. When my customer is willing to pay two to three hundred thousand dollars a year to someone, they must be very good. The cost of obtain visas to bring someone into the U.S and pay them a lot of money requires thorough investigation of their skills and experiences. Of course, for recent graduates or someone with less than five years of experience do not require that type of investigation. For these workers, we want to know their skills in specific programming language or evidence in a particular project and tools. We want to know what kind of work that they have done, what roles that they have performed. We make sure that they have good English skills in communication, reading, writing and soft-skills such as presentation, teamwork etc.\u201d<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cHow much do they got paid? How much a recent graduate can make?<\/p>\n

He said: \u201cOur customer hire them so they pay them according to the laws of that country. If they work in the U.S, the company must pay them the same wages and benefits like anyone there. They are legal workers and must receive the same legal protection under the U.S laws. Today a software engineer graduates can make $85,000 to $100,000 dollars a year in the U.S. The U.K and European countries pay about 20% less, so the average could be $70,000 to $80,000 U.S Dollars.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cHow do you recruit these people? Do you advertise?<\/p>\n

He laughed: \u201cNo, our company rarely advertises. Too many unqualified people apply and it takes too long to find qualified candidates. We have been in this business for a long time, we know much better to have good relationships with local universities and professors. We keep a list of top students based on recommendation from these schools and professors. We approach students at least a year before they graduate. We monitor their works such as their performance in classes and Capstone project. When customers ask us to recruit workers for them, we already have someone in mind. We approach students and make them offers before they graduate since it takes several months to get visas to bring them to the U.S. or Europe. We rely mostly on our own network of relationships and that distinguish our company from others.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cHow do you obtain visas for them?<\/p>\n

He explained: \u201cOur customers, mostly software companies, file petitions to U.S government to request number of H1B visas. When they receive the approval they contact us. For example, a company receives permission for 25 visas then we have contracted to bring in 25 qualified software engineers for them. We do not get visas, our customer do that, we only hire qualified workers for them. We will help get paperwork necessary and bring them to the U.S. Our people often escort them to our customers and this is where our job ends.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cWhere do you find most of your workers?\u201d<\/p>\n

He answered: \u201cIn the past ten years, we operated mostly in India, China, Russia, and Eastern European countries because there were abundant of skilled workers there. Today, there is a shortage of IT skilled workers everywhere. Even India and China do not produce enough skilled workers so we have to go to South East Asia countries and even Africa. We are learning about these countries and their education systems. We are beginning to build relationships with schools and professors there. Today, both the U.S and European countries are facing critical shortage of skilled IT workers and the demand is very high. In the past, many companies considered outsourcing as a solution but the political situation is changing now, due to a lot of citizens complains. Most governments do not favor outsourcing or export jobs to foreign countries anymore. They are passing more liberal immigration laws to allow skilled people to come in and work. In that case, most jobs remain in their countries and workers will pay taxes and contribute to the economies there. These changes are very favorable to my company and we expect to do well in the next few years.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tom Mitchell l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) cho c\u00e1c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1529"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1530,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1529\/revisions\/1530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}