{"id":1503,"date":"2013-07-02T20:48:19","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1503"},"modified":"2013-07-02T20:48:19","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:48:19","slug":"ki-nang-mem-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1503","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea7n 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 “kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o” v\u00e0 l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ti hay t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00fang ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110\u1eafc nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m” do Dale Carnegie vi\u1ebft, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1936. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi “k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m” m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c x\u00ea mi na d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t: trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai hay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cEm n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n em m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, sao em c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cTrao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o nghe.\u201d M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nghe. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nghe l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nghe ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i. K\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe t\u1ed1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ai \u0111\u00f3 hay t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u00edch c\u1ef1c; th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u0129 thu\u1eadt trong n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean CNTT th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u0129 thu\u1eadt trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng tin nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen trong n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111i d\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 l\u1eddi” hay di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eaft, v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 A. Mehrabian th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 55% c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a trong n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 38% t\u1edbi t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, trong n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eaft. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng hay n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eaft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 coi nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eaft l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3i khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y coi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh khi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n do\u00e3i r\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t hung h\u0103ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n chi ph\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2n kh\u00e9p ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u1ebfu, d\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3. T\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vai. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y coi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t b\u1ea1n qua t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb, chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea. T\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u0103m \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean kia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ra t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n xin vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng 30% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. 67% kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tin. 58% c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang trong n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eaft, g\u00e3i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddn th\u01b0\u1ee3t trong gh\u1ebf. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hay d\u00f9ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe, \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eadt khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ecfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri th\u1ee9c bao la m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean CNTT tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. H\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng then ch\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1edf mang t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc tin t\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, blogs, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tin kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m, thu th\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, ai c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 cho nh\u00f3m. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp; h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. H\u1ecd n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u cho t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Soft-skills part 1<\/p>\n

Many students ask me about Soft-skills and where can they learn these skill? Basically, Soft-skills are skills that determine a person’s ability to \u201cfit-in\u201d and excel in a particular environment such as a company or a project team.<\/p>\n

There are a lot of \u201cHypes\u201d about soft-skills but in fact they are mostly common sense. There is a book called \u201cHow to Win Friends and Influence People” by Dale Carnegie, published in 1936. This book has been translated into many languages and I recommend that students read it, not one time but many times. I read this book when I was in high school and I am still reading it today. If you can apply most things that this book mentioned, you have all the \u201csoft-skills\u201d that you need to succeed in life.<\/p>\n

There are schools, classes, seminars that teach Soft-skills. Many are designed to train professional people but as students, you should develop your soft-skills when you are still in school because you need them after graduate. The list of soft-skills can be long but college students need to develop at least five essential skills: Communication, Presentation, Teamwork, Conflict resolution and Leadership.<\/p>\n

Communication is the dialogue that occurs between two or more persons. The skill is the ability to speak in a clear manner so that other people will understand. Students often asked me: \u201cI talk to my friends all the time, why do I need this skill?\u201d My answer is \u201cCommunication is knowing when to talk and when to listen.\u201d Some students talk a lot but never listen. Some students do not think before they talk, they just make a lot of noise. These students do not have communication skill.<\/p>\n

Listening is the most important skill of communication processes. Students must learn how to listen attentively and avoid disruption when other is talking. This skill is difficult to develop because it must be part of your character. Being a good listener means you must have patience and empathy. You must have an open mind and a desire to understand others.<\/p>\n

Speaking is an important skill. Good speakers always think before they speak. They speak clearly and get to the main point quickly so listeners can respond. Many students believe to be good speaker, they must use fancy words. On the contrary, good speakers always use simple words to get their views easy to understand. Students need to know that wrong words can hurt somebody or create a negative image of the speaker. Good speakers choose their words carefully to create a positive language; their message is always polite, pleasant, and practical to create an impressive positive impact on the listeners. Students must learn to avoid using technical terms in daily conversation. For example, IT students often use technical terms without knowing that the listener may not understand it. The term \u201cBack-box testing\u201d is common among testers. The term \u201cUnit test\u201d is common between tester and developers but others may not understand. It is important to know this and avoid using technical terms in your daily communication. Some students use text messages with short word and it becomes a habit in their conversation with friends. When they go to job interview or working in the industry, these terms are not acceptable because it implies an attitude of disrespect.<\/p>\n

There is another important communication skill called \u201cnon-verbal communication\u201d or the expression of body language such as facial expressions, eye contact, and gestures which are also part of the communication process. According to a study about communication, Professor A. Mehrabian found that 55% of meaning in a conversation comes from facial and body language and only 38% come from vocal inflection.<\/p>\n

To westerner, during the conversation, you must look into each other and have eye contact. If you look down or avoid eye contact, it is a symbol of weakness or not honest. On the contrary, most Asian cultures consider look straight into somebody face and eyes contact is a symbol of disrespect and challenging. You must understand this difference and act accordingly. When people communicate and standing, the position is also important. Most Asians do not like to talk when standing unless for short conversation. Westerners do carry serious conversation when standing and the position of your feet is important. If you are standing with their feet very widely apart, then it shows that you are very aggressive and want to dominate the conversation. If you are standing with both feet almost tied together it means you are weak, submissive and afraid. The best position is stand with your feet have the same width with your shoulder. Asian culture does not pay attention to these details but western culture considers body language important and they often judge you on your posture.<\/p>\n

Effectively communication means choosing the right words, delivery them in a positive manner and correct body language. A recent industry research on job applicants found that for every hundred candidates, only fifteen are hired. The other eighty five candidates are not selected because they do not have proper communication skills. All candidates have technical skills and qualification and they are selected from the list of thousand applications for interviews. They do not impress the hiring managers because their poor communication skills. The research revealed that 30% of them come unprepared to answer questions not related to their field of study; many have no idea about technological trends or what is happening in the world. It is an indication that they do not have the broad knowledge to function well in the industry. 67% do not speak clearly or answer questions properly; many are nervous and not confident of themselves. 58% have improper body languages and incorrect gestures during the conversation, such as not maintain eyes contact, scratching excessively, do not sit erect but slouching in the chair. The research concludes that most students have good technical skills but are not able to express themselves correctly. Some speak fluently, but cannot listen well. Many have problems with their expression and body language or use inappropriate gestures.<\/p>\n

Beside speaking and listening, reading, writing and group communication are also part of communication skills. Most colleges require students to read a lot. Without a good reading skill students will struggle when they enter college and often overwhelm by the amount of reading materials. I have found that reading and writing help improve speaking and listening. Most good readers are usually good speakers because they have a vast amount of knowledge that they can use. I always advise students to improve their communication skills by give sufficient time to reading. They should read on a daily basis so that their memory gets refreshed with the knowledge. Many IT students believe that they only have to read technical books. That is a mistake. They should read whatever they like and make reading a key activity in their lives. Reading opens the mind to many things when they read news, magazines, blogs, and articles of their interest to update their knowledge. They should also read history, world news, economic and business news, to keep themselves updated with current events.<\/p>\n

Group Discussion is about communicating with a group of people. In a group discussion, people are brought together to express their opinion and exchange of views on a subject. In group discussion students learn about group dynamic, content collection and leadership attributes. In college class discussion, professors judge students on who are well prepared, who have better speaking skill and who have the leadership skills. Students must learn to speak clearly and politely to the group. They need to know that this is a discussion not an argument and control their thought to stay with the discussion topic not to speak irrelevant information. They should also control their emotion and avoid unnecessary gestures.<\/p>\n

Communication skills are essential for getting good job in the industry. Students should develop their communication skills when they are still in school by participating in class discussion; learn to choose their words carefully to create an impressive impact on the listeners. They should develop good reading habit to enrich their vocabulary, expand their knowledge beyond technical area to understand the changing world that they are living in.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, k\u0129 n\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1504,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503\/revisions\/1504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}