{"id":1501,"date":"2013-07-02T20:47:13","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1501"},"modified":"2013-07-02T20:47:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:47:13","slug":"ki-nang-mem-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1501","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea7n 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. K\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cho khi h\u1ecd \u0111i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. K\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. B\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9a bao nhi\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u00e0i h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, tr\u1eeb phi b\u1ea1n l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u1ecb m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao hay \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0o h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, v\u00ec \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e2u ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3. Sau k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau gi\u1eefa di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang hay ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh: \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc slide. Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n v\u0103n. \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u00f3 cho thay cho b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u00e0n b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd qu\u00ean. Qui t\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n v\u0103n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng”\u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng” cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 “n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n” v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n v\u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u00e1n khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 PowerPoint v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb slide. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c slide nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u00fa n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc slide cho h\u1ecd. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh cho b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n hay \u0111\u1ecdc slides v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i thay v\u00ec v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u chung r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n t\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft cho t\u1edbi khi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c (WBS) trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chia b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam, xo\u00e1 hay \u0111\u1ed5i chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nhanh khi b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eadm khi v\u1edb ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 n\u00f3i to tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u1eafn hay c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian th\u00eam. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng slide v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y?\u201d b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb ch\u00fang. Trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0o, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong v\u00e0 sau b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay chia s\u1ebb\u00a0 th\u00f4ng tin cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-Engish version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Soft skill part 2<\/p>\n

Presentation skill is an important soft-skill that college students need to learn. This skill requires students to communicate their thought and ideas on a particular subject, to a group of people. Students need to develop this skill throughout their years in college so when they go to job interviews or work in the industry, they will not feel uncomfortable. Presentation skill is not difficult to learn but it requires a lot of practices to be effective.<\/p>\n

The most important thing for a presentation is to prepare as early as possible. Do not wait until the last minutes because you need to gather all information to prepare for it. Typically a presentation has an introduction, the main topic with key points that you want the audiences to know, and a conclusion. Your goal is to make the audiences understand what you want them to know before you get to the conclusion. How much detail your presentation is will depend upon the time you have to speak. For most students, my advice is to keep the presentation to no more than fifteen minutes. Even when you work in the industry, you may not have to present longer than that, unless you get to position levels of senior manager or executive. However, you need to know that any presentation of more than an hour will make audiences lose interest, as few people can keep their attention that long. After the conclusion, you may want to ask the audiences if they have any question on what you have said. Sometimes, the discussion afterward between speaker and audience is more interesting than the presentation.<\/p>\n

Many people believe presentation skill as difficult and require a lot of trainings. The fact is it may only apply to public speaker or politician, but as students and future engineer, you do not need a lot of trainings. Most of what you present is probably technical things that you already know so all you need is practice to gain confidence.<\/p>\n

There are many presentation techniques, each person may find certain technique more useful but there are two things that you must avoid: Never read from a prepared written speech and never read the slide. The audiences have limited attention and do not like someone to read a speech. Reading from a written speech means you are not prepared and have to rely on something. By doing that, you give the audience the impression that maybe someone else is preparing it for you instead. I always advise students to have a short outline with few key points written on a small piece of paper to remind them, just in case they forget. The rule is no technical presentation should be written as a speech. You do not want to \u201clecture\u201d the audiences but \u201cconverse\u201d with them because lecture or speech is boring where conversation is interesting.<\/p>\n

Today, people often give presentation using multimedia equipment and PowerPoint and some read from the slide. The fact is audiences can read the slide faster than you can read. They will lose attention if you just read the slide to them. My advice is you should avoid given presentation by reading from a prepared written speech or read slides with a lot of text. It is better to keep it simple by given presentation just like you talk to a friend to helps the audience focus on what you say instead of something else.<\/p>\n

A presentation should be organized to lead the audience from the beginning to the end. It is like telling a story, you must start with general things then narrow down to each important point in detail until the audience understands what you want them to know. It is also important to add example for each key points to illustrate why it is important. Just like a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in designing software product, you should break the presentation into several key points so if needed, you can add, delete or change the details without much effort.<\/p>\n

A good speaker is flexible to adapt to the time constraints. Sometime you may talk fast when under pressure and sometime you may talk slow when stumble into something that you are not prepared. That is why practice is important. The best is practice it loud in front of a mirror and measure the time so you know how long it is. Prepare an extra example or short story in case you have extra time. Similarly, you should put the most important point first so that if you run out of time, the audience still has the most important things. You must practice your presentation until you feel prepared. You should practice the entire presentation, including the use of slide and multimedia equipment that you will be using. The best way is giving the entire presentation to a few friends and asks them for feedbacks. This will help you identify any problems so you can adjust and make it a successful presentation.<\/p>\n

I often advise students to start the presentation with a question because question will get audience attention. For example: \u201cWhy do you think we should use open source in this project?\u201d you can follow it with an explanation then proceed to your detail key points. At the end of the presentation, you should summarize your key points to ensure your audience will remember them. During the presentation, audience may have questions. Some questions can create confusion to any presenter, so the best way is try to anticipate any questions that your audience may have during and after your presentation. Think about the audience that you will present to and think of anything in your presentation they may not know so you can add an example to make it easier to understand. If possible, identify information not addressed during your presentation that the audience may ask. Prepare responses that can be used to quickly answer any questions that may arise. Having answers ready is the key to demonstrating your expertise on the presentation topic.<\/p>\n

Technical presentation is not difficult. It is really an explanation or sharing information to an audience. To succeed, you must gather all the facts and data to validate your points and support your conclusion. The most important is to practice it throughout the time when you are still in school to gain confidence. When you are confident and well prepared, I will have the presentation skills that you need.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. K\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean trao … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1502,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1501\/revisions\/1502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}