{"id":1499,"date":"2013-07-02T20:46:12","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1499"},"modified":"2013-07-02T20:46:12","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:46:12","slug":"ki-nang-mem-phan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1499","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea7n 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. T\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; t\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra t\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 hay tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m hay \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m trong t\u1ed5. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhau. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc hay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean CNTT kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i 75%. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u201d khi t\u1ed5 t\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau. T\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t k\u00ec xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, tu\u1ef3 theo k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 “giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e3o t\u1ed1” khi xung \u0111\u1ed9t b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u00ec t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m con n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi CNTT g\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh” v\u00ec b\u1ea5t t\u00edn l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, qua m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00ec chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u201cgiai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e1\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 \u0111i v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n hay \u201cgiai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d n\u01a1i tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean l\u00ed; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5 v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 \u0111ang trong “chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh” h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00ean can thi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tu\u1ef3 theo k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac nhanh h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t” ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u theo h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay v\u00ec tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo qui t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5\u201d hay \u201cTham gia v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf hay b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 hay c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea? Xin nh\u1edb cho l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Soft skills part 3<\/p>\n

In Information Technology (IT) industry, people always work in teams. The team is a small unit organized to achieve a goal. For example, a software team is organized to achieve a goal of develop a software product; An Information Technology team is formed to achieve a goal of transfer data storage to a cloud computing service provider. Teamwork skill is defined as the ability to work effectively as part of a team to achieve a common goal.<\/p>\n

The goal is the reason to organize the team. Without a clear reason, no one would understand why they need to work together.\u00a0 No one would know about their roles or responsibilities or what they are doing in a team. Teamwork requires the sharing of information as members are working with each other. Every team has members with various skills and some have more experiences, some have less. Teamwork is where they learn from each other. Team members must understand their assigned roles so that they appreciate the efforts put in by everyone. This is important as without clear roles and responsibilities, when things do not work well, members often blame others. This is the reason why the roles of project manager and team leader are important. A team leader\u2019s job is to provide the leadership to the team and assign works to members according to their skills and experiences.<\/p>\n

One of the most important factors in teamwork is effective communication. Today, most IT projects are distributed in several countries or having team members come from different countries. Having a common language such as English is important. Many IT students do not understand the language requirements and do not consider learning another language is important. According to a recent industry study, if IT workers do have a second language such as English, their chance of getting a good job can be reduced by 75%. Communicating effectively means that information is shared among all team members. It also means all members must participate in team discussion and technical reviews so everybody can be informed of what others are doing.<\/p>\n

According to a teamwork theory, most teams often go through four stages before they can function well. The first is the \u201cForming stage\u201d when the team comes together and begins to know each other. Each member is often carefully to avoid any conflict but they have not trust each other. Work is slow since members want to defense their views and not say much. It usually takes few days to few weeks to move to the next stage, depending on the size of the team. The second-stage is the \u201cStorming stage\u201d when conflicts breaks out. Team members begin to argue and form subgroups, each with their own view on how to do the work. They do not want to share anything and often avoid each other. It could last few weeks to few months as each subgroup is holding on to its own idea and only share with members who share the same view. Most IT people call this stage \u201cThe cold war\u201d as distrust is the rule. Slowly, through fatigue and despair, each subgroup begins to realize that they cannot work toward the goal as sharing of information is essential. The third-stage is the \u201cNorming stage\u201d in which team members begin to cooperate and compromise with each other. The effectiveness of the team begins to improve as team members contribute and discuss more openly. Finally the team enters the four-stage or \u201cPerforming stage\u201d when trust is built among members as they recognize their roles, responsibilities and the sum of their individual efforts in achieving the common goal.<\/p>\n

By understand the principle theory; a good team leader could shorten the time it takes to develop an effective team. I often advise team leaders to have more team meetings at the beginning of the project to allow members to talk with each other and share information. Experienced manager will watch the team to understand what stage they are in. If the team is in \u201cCold War\u201d for more than a week, manager should interfere by having frequent meetings to have members to share their views and emphasize on their roles and responsibilities. Teamwork development often takes several weeks to reach the performing stage, depending on the skills and experienced of team members and the talent of the team leader. I often remind students: \u201cIf you work together, you will finish faster.\u201d<\/p>\n

Teamwork is often a weakness of Asian students when they go to school in the U.S. because their tradition education systems promote individual work instead of teamwork. Many Asian students do not get along with other members. They want to be the \u201conly one\u201d who does the work rather than sharing information with their teams. Some prefer to do thing on what they want instead of following the team process. Global companies also told me that they have difficulty when operate in Asia as their workers often have conflict with others when working in team.<\/p>\n

As a team member, you need to understand that everyone on the team is depending on others to get their works done. You have an assigned role and responsibility within the team and it is essential to follow the team rules to make sure that you will function well within the team. Teamwork should be encouraged early in college where students are still developing their skills.<\/p>\n

Since teamwork is required in the industry, some students often write on their resume certain phrases such as \u201cAbility to work in a team\u201d or \u201cparticipate in teamwork\u201d as one of their strengths. But in fact they never work in team and only learn about it in books or articles. This is dangerous because during the interview, there will be questions on teamwork and without participate in team or have real experience, many applicants cannot answer. If interviewers believe that applicants are not honest than what would be the chance to get hired? Please remember that talking about teamwork is easy but it is not good unless you practice it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. T\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1499"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1500,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1499\/revisions\/1500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}