{"id":1489,"date":"2013-07-02T20:40:01","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1489"},"modified":"2013-07-02T20:40:01","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T13:40:01","slug":"quan-li-du-an-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1489","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cla b\u00e0n\u201d h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed5 \u0111i t\u1edbi theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn cho t\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u00e3ng h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau\u201cb\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c\u201d v\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. Khi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u1edb r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd b\u1eadn th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1i c\u1edb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c\u201d cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p” thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn hay th\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ecd l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3 tin \u0111\u1ed3n. Tin \u0111\u1ed3n cho th\u00f4ng tin sai v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn hay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea9n k\u00edn trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, hay \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c tranh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n\u00a0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi sao l\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5 tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1edbm; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n coi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7” v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ra m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.\u00a0 Khi h\u1ecd ra l\u1ec7nh cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hay h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5 v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng cho m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn. Cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn. H\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 tin b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software project management<\/p>\n

A project vision is the direction of the project. It is the \u201cCompass\u201d that guides project team to move forward to the same direction. The vision must be communicated to team members at the beginning of the project to give the team a view about the project and how they must work together to achieve that vision.<\/p>\n

Some project managers issue the vision to the team then move on to other activities. In that case, the team may lose sight of the vision because they are always busy with their own works. Good project managers will not letting anything distract them from the vision because if they become distracted, the project may not be successful as expected. Team members work best when they have all the information they need to do their tasks but they also need information about how their tasks fit into the vision of the project. Being able to put their tasks into a bigger context provides motivation and helps members make better decisions.<\/p>\n

Some managers do not know how to plan projects or create vision. They do not even know how the project should be done so they do not want to share their plans with anyone. They feel insecure about their positions so they often hide behind \u201cBusy works\u201d and avoid talking with team members. When team member asks, they always find excuse that they are so busy and do not have time. The most used excuse is \u201cHaving to go to meetings with other managers\u201d so attending meetings become their daily work. These managers do not trust their teams but consider them as \u201csubordinates\u201d rather than people who are capable of doing the work. When people lack a vision or information, they fill in the gaps with their own beliefs and sometime rumors. Rumor gives misinformation and often consumes a lot of time to correct it.<\/p>\n

Project managers need to know about status or progress of the project so they can report to higher managers. Without a vision or project plan to monitor against, many rely on individual meetings where each member reports to them instead of team meetings. In this case, members only provide a fraction of the information a manager needs to know. Many important issues remain hidden in this status meeting. For example, team member may be reluctant to admit that they have problems, or facing difficulties, or talk about the information that a project manager needs to know. Without a clear picture of the project, these managers cannot make good decision. Sometime, they do not want to report bad status so they let things happen and when it is getting worst, they blame their own people.<\/p>\n

A good project manager always monitors activities to ensure that every action is done to achieve the vision. He collects and evaluates data on schedule and budget to identify risks and respond to them quickly. He has weekly meeting with the team to share progress and keep everyone focus on their assigned tasks. He knows that software projects often have problems; team members always face obstacles such as dealing with changes; not having enough time for tasks etc. Therefore, he must eliminate any distractions to keep the team focus on what they do.<\/p>\n

Good project manager does not work alone but always involve the team into project activities. At the beginning of the project, he brings the team together to discuss the objectives of the project. He asks team members for their opinions to get the best suggestions. By engage the team early; he creates a sense of teamwork that allows members to feel that their suggestions are important. When team members feel they are important, they work hard to achieve the vision which lead them to overcome obstacles and strives for success.<\/p>\n

Some project managers consider themselves as \u201cBosses\u201d and project management is about giving orders. This is a mistake.\u00a0 When they order team member to do something, they are not giving the person the opportunity to think about what to do or how to do it. In this case, team member is limited to do exactly as manager tell them to. They will develop habit of only wait for instruction and become reactive instead of active. They cannot analyze tasks or learn anything new and that is why many projects are late. They are late because team members are waiting for managers tell them what to do and without the direction, nothing will happen. A good manager does not give orders but instructions. Giving instructions is not telling somebody what to do, but telling them exactly what he wants to be done. In this case, team member must think on how to do it. Rather than mechanically just doing a task, team member will have to think about the process, the procedure and all the details on how to do it. In this case, they must learn to think and be more active in improving their skills. Good team members always think when they are given an instruction. They always identify different ways of doing the task and consider which way is better. When team members come up with their solution, they feel good. It encourages them to learn more and it improves their confidence in what they do. If something happen to their work, they will be confident to defend it themselves. Giving instructions is the best solution that works well for most software developers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cla b\u00e0n\u201d h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed5 \u0111i t\u1edbi theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1489"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1490,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1489\/revisions\/1490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}