{"id":1471,"date":"2013-07-02T16:43:28","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:43:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1471"},"modified":"2013-07-02T16:43:28","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:43:28","slug":"nghe-ki-nghe-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1471","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean chung cho v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CS), K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SWE), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CE). Khi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng theo ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CE) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. CE l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, bo m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y in.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (EE) h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CE) thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c CE \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y do nhu c\u1ea7u cao trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean CE h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, t\u1eeb chip t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n qua intranet v\u00e0 internet. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng; gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi hay c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Khu v\u1ef1c CE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi chip nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00ed, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, giao ti\u1ebfp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo C\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 $82,160 t\u1edbi $92,000. V\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, CE c\u1ea5p cao v\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $125,000 t\u1edbi $145,000 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chip, k\u0129 s\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 Intel, Motorola, ARM hay Texas Instrument. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong CE h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec n\u1ec1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. M\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u1edf trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u trong K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/span>:<\/span> trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan nh\u00ecn, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u00e1i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a khung c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ra. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng tin thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi-m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 camera chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c linh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qui m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (VLSI):<\/span> trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qui m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (VLSI) v\u00e0 vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac VLSI, dung sai ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 radio th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n cho m\u1ea1ch CMOS ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung \u00f4 x\u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 Intel, National Semiconductor, ARM, Motorola v.v.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00ed t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i:<\/span> K\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi-m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi cho bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 n\u00e9n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, x\u1eed l\u00ed laser c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh radar th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u radio v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00ed t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c nghe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Siemens, GE, Phillips v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 Bell Labs v.v.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y:<\/span> Khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin. Sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dung sai, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Mang m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1:<\/span> Sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 truy nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y d\u00f9ng chung k\u00eanh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00edch \u1ee9ng trong h\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ATM, n\u1ec1n cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng qua m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee5m Ethernet. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Cisco, Google v.v.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Computer Engineering Career<\/p>\n

Information Technology (IT) is the common name for several areas including Computer Science (CS), Software Engineering (SWE), Information System Management (ISM) and Computer Engineering (CE). When the other areas are software oriented, Computer Engineering (CE) is the combination of both hardware and software. CE is the study of computer hardware, especially the development, manufacturing, and installation of computer hardware such as computer chips, circuit boards, computer systems, network system, multimedia devices, and related equipment such as keyboards, routers, servers, and printers.<\/p>\n

This field should not be confused with Electronics Engineering (EE) that focuses on the broader scale of design of electronic components. Computer Engineering (CE) is narrowing only on works relates to computers and computer equipments. The field of CE is rapid advancing in recent years due to the high demand in consumer electronic devices such as smart-phones, tablets, medical devices, network systems as well as Cloud Computing.<\/p>\n

CE students learn about the design, planning, development, testing, and even the supervision of manufacturing of computer hardware, from chips to device controllers, from computer networks to the transmission of data and multimedia across the intranet and internet. Students study about the interface between different hardware devices; between hardware and software to come up with new capabilities or improving existing systems. The CE area is based in the electronic hardware such as circuits to chips but also on operating systems, system architecture, and software interface. Computer engineers must understand logic design, microprocessor design, computer architecture, computer interfacing, and continually focus on system requirements and design.<\/p>\n

According the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the starting salary for Computer engineering graduates is $82,160 to $92,000. Because this field requires a lot of experiences in the industry, senior CE with five years can make $125,000 to $145,000 and could go higher as Chips Designer engineer in some semiconducting and electronics companies such as Intel, Motorola, ARM or Texas Instrument. Today a majority of CE focus is in mobile platforms instead of computer platforms and there is a difference in pay for different job duties, but these variations are linked to experience. For example, engineers whose responsibilities include technical management make the most; follow by people in designer, research and manufacturing. Entry level is mostly in support, quality control and systems implementation.<\/p>\n

Students who want to pursue advanced degree in Computer Engineering could select several specialty areas such as:<\/p>\n

Computer Vision:<\/span> in this area student will focus on visual sensing, in which images of a scene are taken as input and estimates of the three-dimensional characteristics of the scene are output. Students will addresses efficient visual depiction and communication of the environment, and then the acquired information is used to perform tasks such as navigation and assembly. The key application is to improve image communication, and human-computer interfaces, as well as devices such as special-purpose cameras with versatile vision sensors. Graduates in this specialty often work for electronic company and government research laboratories.<\/p>\n

Integrated Circuits, Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) Design<\/span> In this specialty, students will focus on enhancing the speed, reliability, and energy efficiency of the Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits and micro-systems. Students learn about the design process, VLSI algorithms and architectures, noise-tolerance, and digital signal processors, mixed-signal integrated circuit design, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems for integrated passive radio frequency components, electro-thermal simulation and electrostatic discharge protection for silicon-on-insulator CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) circuits. Graduates in this specialty often work for semiconducting or electronic industry such as Intel, National Semiconductor, ARM, Motorola etc.<\/p>\n

Signal, Image, and Speech Processing<\/span> Computer engineers working in this area focuses on developing improvements in human-computer interaction, speech recognition and synthesis, medical and scientific imaging, or communications systems. Computer vision tasks such as facial feature recognition, when combined with multimedia databases and novel schemes for representation and compression, are examples of work in this area. Work in speech and language engineering would seek to understand human language faculties and to develop computer systems with comparable faculties. Dynamic MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) fast computed tomography, electron microscopy, laser imaging of ocean mines, and passive radar imaging of aircraft using radio and television signals are among the imaging systems currently being developed. Signal processing projects might focus on developing new advances in hearing aid technology. Graduates in this specialty will work for Medical devices companies such as Siemens, GE, Phillips and private research laboratories such as Bell Labs etc.<\/p>\n

Communications and Wireless Networks<\/span> This specialty area focuses on a broad range of topics that will advance the frontiers of communications systems and wireless networks, modulation and error-control coding, and information theory. Students working in this area may explore wireless communication opportunities to take advantage of new frequency bands and increase the efficiency of current bands. Other areas of focus are design techniques for high-speed networks, interference suppression and modulation, design and analysis of fault-tolerant systems, and storage and transmission schemes. Graduates in this specialty often are employed by telecommunication companies.<\/p>\n

Computer Networks, <\/span>Mobile<\/span> Computing, and Distributed Systems<\/span> Students working in this area would build integrated environments for computing, communications, and information access over heterogeneous technologies. Students will learn about shared-channel wireless networks, adaptive resource management in dynamic distributed systems including mobile systems, improving the quality of service in mobile and ATM environments, a platform for adaptive computing and seamless memory over heterogeneous wireless networks, and reliable and efficient communication on a fast Ethernet cluster. Graduates in this specialty often work for telecommunication companies and communication equipments such as Cisco, Google etc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean chung cho v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CS), K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SWE), … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1471"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1472,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1471\/revisions\/1472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}