{"id":1469,"date":"2013-07-02T16:42:04","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1469"},"modified":"2013-07-02T16:42:04","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:42:04","slug":"dieu-ki-su-phan-mem-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1469","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0y nay k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t” tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u00ec CNTT thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p; t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e1y bay t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. B\u1edfi v\u00ec k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5, sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho t\u1ed5 thay v\u00ec cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1edbm ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi pha v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng pha n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1edbm trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong pha n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u1eefa. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee9c cao n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n. Trong qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh hay thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Sau khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 C, C++, Java, Python hay Ruby. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap (CASE) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng qui tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e3 t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho m\u00e3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CS) v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SWE). V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nhau. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v.v. T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v.v. Trong khi c\u1ea3 hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh CS v\u00e0 SWE \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh CS, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng trong SWE n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh SWE \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone trong n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean “d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT, qu\u00e3ng 75% k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 Microsoft, Google, Facebook, IBM, Oracle v.v. Qu\u00e3ng 15% l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 10% l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n hay nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tu\u1ef3 theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v.v.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong ho\u1eb7c K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh; ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201c\u0110i theo m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u201d n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 24 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3. Trong s\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Google m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u; hay l\u00e0m cho Facebook n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc; hay Instagram v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb mua. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What Software Engineers do<\/p>\n

The goal of software engineering is to design and develop quality software that meets customers\u2019 requirement. Today software engineers is the \u201cHottest\u201d job in the world and are needed in every company because more companies are relying on Information Technology (IT) for their business and as IT changes quickly, they need people who can adjust, improve and keep their IT systems operate effectively and efficiently.<\/p>\n

Software engineers design and develop many types of software from computer games to business applications; from software that control airplanes to software that manage manufacturing assembly lines. Because software engineers always work in team, students are often trained in teamwork at the second or third year with small projects assigned to team instead of individual. Software engineers understand that to build quality products, they must follow a defined process, as students they learn about process, lifecycle early in their first year. Students know all phases in detail and how these phases work together by conduct reviews to make sure that the software will work properly.<\/p>\n

At work, software engineers always begin by analyzing users’ needs. They meet users early in the project to validate their understanding of these needs and that is why soft-skills such as communication and listening are very important. When the requirements are understood, they begin to architect the system. They use context diagram and data flow diagrams to show how the system works; they identify key components of both hardware and software to optimize system performance. In this phase, they identify all interfaces and define data exchanges to make sure hardware and software work well together. To do a good job, software engineers must possess some fundamental knowledge of computing hardware too. Architect is the high level work where most things are organized but the details are done in the design. This is where all the software components are considered and quality attributes are identified. During this process software engineers create flowcharts, diagrams as well as develop detailed sets of instructions or algorithms to tell the computer what to do. After the design is done, software engineers begin to implement their design by write programs using programming language such as C, C++, Java, Python or Ruby. They also apply techniques such as design reviews, code inspections to make sure that their works have the highest quality.<\/p>\n

Software engineers also update, test, modify, and expand existing information programs. They often use software tools to expedite their works. Some use computer-assisted software engineering (CASE) tools to automate the coding process. These tools allow them to concentrate on writing the unique parts of a program. They also use libraries of reusable code for specific application. This approach yields better and consistent code and increases their productivity by eliminating some routine steps.<\/p>\n

I often receive questions about the difference between Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SWE) program. Basically, both programs require a foundation in programming languages and basic computer theories. In many schools, the first two years are almost the same. They diverge in their focus on specifics. Computer Science programs tend to emphasize more on the theories, data structures, modeling, and algorithms, etc. In contrast, Software Engineering programs focuses more on the practical aspects that are needed in the industry such as problem analysis, software design, software testing, software quality, software process, and project management, etc. While both CS and SWE programs advocate teamwork but in most CS programs, teamwork is recommended but in SWE it is a requirement. Almost all SWE programs also require students to have a Capstone project in their last year where students work on \u201creal projects\u201d given by the industry.<\/p>\n

According to data from IT industry, about 75% of software engineers work in software companies such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook, IBM, Oracle etc. About 15% work for government agencies and 10% work as consultants or independent contractors. In small companies, software engineers do many things, from meeting users and customers to write code and test. In larger companies, software engineers are often assigned certain roles in projects depending on their experiences. These roles are requirements analysts, architects, designers, developers, testers, quality assurance, configuration managers, and project managers etc.<\/p>\n

To work as software engineer, students must have at least a bachelor degree from an accredited university in either Software Engineering or Computer Science; be able to demonstrate skills in programming as well as knowledge of software development lifecycle and software tools. Soft-skills are very important in this career and foreign language is important for more advancement. For example today, many large software projects are globally distributed based on a concept called \u201cFollowing the Sun\u201d where development works are done 24 hours and 7 days a week with team members located in several countries, having a second language such as English is required to be on those teams. Among all the careers with the Information Technology field, software engineer have the highest salary and more special benefits. Imagine that a software engineer who work for Google fifteen years ago when they started; or Facebook five years ago; or Instagram few months ago before the acquisition. Today with hundreds of startups, the opportunities are endless.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1469"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1470,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469\/revisions\/1470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}