{"id":1463,"date":"2013-07-02T16:37:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:37:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1463"},"modified":"2013-07-02T16:37:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:37:42","slug":"cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1463","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t hay hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c websites v\u00e0 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00e1n s\u1eb5n \u201cCommercial-off-the self\u201d nh\u01b0 Microsoft, Oracle, Adobe, VMware, Symantec, v.v. ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng trong “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi” v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 Accenture, IBM, SAP, v\u00e0 Oracle v.v. \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u00a0SAP, PeopleSoft v.v.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c CNTT cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ph\u00ed. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng CNTT cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Accenture, Infosys, TCS, Wipro, v\u00e0 Mahindra v.v. th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 theo nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c Website \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n hay vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng Internet v\u00e0 intranet, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 an ninh th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110e do\u1ea1 an ninh bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb vi r\u00fat l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi gian l\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u00f9ng Internet \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n an ninh, h\u00e3ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a an ninh CNTT cho h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c mong manh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 “vi r\u00fat” ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ti\u1ec7n nghi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi CNTT. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1; gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong v\u00e0 sau vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t sau khi th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ti\u1ec7n nghi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua internet.<\/p>\n

CNTT l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng CNTT bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi 82% c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n hay cao h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tu\u1ef3 theo gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Ng\u00e0y nay k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 68% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean theo ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh; qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec an ninh m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 C++, Java, hay Python. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi, hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed-\u00edch l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 25% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng CNTT. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN), m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN), v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Internet. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Internet, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c Websites v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea1m web t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. Webmasters ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Website, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 CNTT kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh; v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m Internet v\u00e0 intranet. \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM).<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 CNTT cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho t\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u00e0n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1eeda c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf trong h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 CNTT \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (b\u1eb1ng hai n\u0103m) m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 Microsoft hay Cisco v.v.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 trong kinh t\u1ebf, CNTT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t. L\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u1edf M\u0129 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $87,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. CNTT c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 25-t\u1edbi-40. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch” b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi internet, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 xa d\u00f9ng e-mail v\u00e0 Internet v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 18% c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CNTT l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m 24 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kinh doanh sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch Ph\u1ed1 Wall r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng kinh doanh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kinh doanh CNTT, n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3, n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 “ma tu\u00fd”. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1995, d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kinh doanh sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cth\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u201cDot.com\u201d v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kinh doanh sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Apple b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ea7u Exxon-Mobile Oil Company v\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong danh s\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Hai ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. N\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa n\u00e0y t\u1edbi t\u1eeb M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 80% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eau gi\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa CNTT t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 15 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 20 tri\u1ec7u, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 5 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng CNTT nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00ean 25 tri\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 18 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t qu\u00e3ng 7 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra 2 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra 1.5 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u cung c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u1eefa v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00ean cao. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong CNTT l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi trong CNTT. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1c s\u0129 hay ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng vi r\u00fat m\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an ninh, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh an ninh, v\u00e0 an ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn l\u00e1i nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Internet kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em t\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Khi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n Apple hay Android \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb di \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n CNTT kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00ec t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SOA).<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c CNTT s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m Internet v\u00e0 intranet, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng nhanh h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng sang thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng ngh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng CNTT tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ee9c cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Information Technology Industry<\/p>\n

The Information Technology industry (IT) consists of many companies. Some are big with hundred thousands of worker, some are small with only one or two persons. Some build software to be used by the public when others build software for specific customers. Some sell software as products when others provide software as a service. Some work on contract to assist companies with particular project when others only solve specific problems. Some help set up infrastructures, network systems, and manage data centers when others just develop websites and help establish online business etc.<\/p>\n

Companies that build software that are use by the public or \u201cCommercial-off-the self\u201d such as Microsoft, Oracle, Adobe, VMware, Symantec, etc. are mostly very large software companies, they always in a \u201chiring mode\u201d with thousand new employees hired each year. Most of them prefer to hire new graduates because they can easily be trained to fit into the company working environment.<\/p>\n

Companies that build specific software to automate business process in finance, manufacturing, logistics, bank, sales and marketing to meet specific needs of customers such as Accenture, IBM, SAP, and Oracle etc. prefer to hire workers with some experiences since their works require extensive knowledge on their application like SAP, PeopleSoft etc.<\/p>\n

Outsourcing service providers are companies that perform IT works for customers. They perform tasks from testing, programming, maintenance to building the entire project, large and small, for a fee. If needed, they can even take over the entire IT function for customers. Companies such as Accenture, Infosys, TCS, Wipro, and Mahindra etc. often hire a variety of workers, from newly graduates to experienced developers. Many are hired to code and test large programs; some are hired install a software package on a user’s system and modify it to the user’s specific needs. Some are hired to update existing systems, or design customized Web sites.<\/p>\n

Consulting services companies are companies that help customers to plan and design information systems that integrate hardware, software, and communications technologies. They help customers select the right hardware and software products for a particular business or project, then develop, install, and implement the system. In addition, they often train and support users. Consulting companies only hire experienced IT workers and train them to be consultants. Most consultants have at least five to ten years of experiences in specific area and often work on special projects as advisor or supporting role.<\/p>\n

Some consulting companies focus only on specific area such as security issues. Today many companies are using the Internet and intranets which has resulted in increasing issues on information security. Security threats range from damaging computer viruses to online fraud and identity theft. As companies use the Internet to exchange information with customers many things can happen. In order to mitigate this threat, companies are employing the services of security consulting firms, which specialize in all aspects of IT security for them. These companies assess computer systems for areas of vulnerability, manage firewalls, and provide protection against intrusion and software “viruses.”<\/p>\n

Facilities management companies are companies that provide management and operation of IT systems and facilities. They send their workers to customers\u2019 location to help in provide disaster recovery services; help customers prepare for a major malfunction of their information systems. They back up data and create strategies for business operation during and after a shut-down. They help companies recover lost data after a disaster has occurred. Cloud computing service companies are another type of computer facilities management but instead of go to customer\u2019s location, they move customer\u2019s IT systems into their location, store data in their own facilities and manage everything for customers. Customer still gets access to their systems via the internet.<\/p>\n

IT is an industry that relies on knowledge and skills. IT workforces consist mostly of college graduates with 82% having bachelor\u2019s degree or higher. There are several types of workers depending on their education and degree specialization. Today Software engineer and software developers make up the vast majority of IT workers, and account for about 68% of the workforce. Their duties vary by occupation, from developing computer software; manage information systems, and maintaining network security. These workers design, write code, test, and maintain software applications. They often work under the supervision of a software manager. Today most developers use object-oriented programming languages, such as C++, Java, or Python. These are languages taught at most Software Engineering and Computer Science programs. As they gain more experiences, some assume more responsibilities and become Technical leaders, System architect, Project managers, or Business analysts.<\/p>\n

Technical Leaders and System Architect design and integrate hardware and software to make information systems more efficient. By implementing new software applications, or designing entirely new systems, they help companies maximize their investments in machines, personnel, and business processes. To perform their jobs, they use data modeling, structured analysis, information engineering, and other methods. They prepare charts for developers to follow for proper coding and perform cost-benefit analyses to help management evaluate systems. They ensure that systems perform to requirements specifications by testing them thoroughly.<\/p>\n

Network Systems and Data Analysts make up another large group and account for approx. 25% of the IT workforce. These workers design and evaluate network systems, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and Internet systems. They perform network modeling, analysis, and deal with the interfacing of computer and communications equipment. With the explosive growth of the Internet, this group also includes a variety of occupations related to design, development, and maintenance of Web sites and their servers. Web developers are responsible for day-to-day site design and creation. Webmasters are responsible for the technical aspects of the Web site, including performance issues, and for approving site content.<\/p>\n

Information Systems Managers direct the work of software engineers, business analysts, developers, programmers, and other IT support workers. They analyze the computer and information needs of their organization and determine personnel and equipment requirements. They plan and coordinate activities such as the installation and upgrading of hardware and software; programming and systems design; the development of computer networks; and the construction of Internet and intranet sites. A majority of these managers graduated from Information System Management (ISM) programs.<\/p>\n

IT support personnel provide technical assistance, support, and advice to customers and users. This group includes workers with a variety of titles, from technical specialists to help-desk technicians. These workers fix small problems in information systems, identify problems and provide technical support for hardware, software, and systems. They answer telephone calls; analyze problems using automated diagnostic programs, and resolve recurrent difficulties encountered by users. A majority of IT support personnel have Associate degree (Two-year degree) some also have certificates in particular technology such as Microsoft or Cisco etc.<\/p>\n

Compared with the rest of professions in the economy, IT is one of the careers that pay the highest. Average salary of IT workers in the U.S is approximately $87,000 a year. Due to the shortage, most graduates get offers higher than that. IT is also a young industry with a majority of workers in the 25-to-40 age range. This reflects the industry’s explosive growth in employment that provided opportunities to thousands of young workers who possessed the latest technological skills.<\/p>\n

IT industry is considered a \u201cClean industry\u201d because of it does not produce pollution or waste products (Of course, old computer equipments are still waste products). Most workers in the IT industry work in clean offices even some may work in computer operations centers. Today, with the internet, more work can be done from remote locations using e-mail and the Internet and about 18% of IT workers are working from home. For example, a programmer can work from home with their computers linked directly to the location of their company. Computer support workers can access into a customer’s computer remotely to identify and fix problems. Today, many large IT projects are globally distributed with workers spread all over the world so they can build software 24 hours and 7 days a week.<\/p>\n

IT industry is also one of the most profitable businesses. There is a phrase among Wall Street traders that \u201cNo business is better than IT business, it is better than oil, it is better than finance and it is even better than \u201cdrug\u201d. Before 1995, oil is the most profitable business and oil stock is highly valued but since the beginning of the information age, information technology has changed that. Of course, some \u201coverhype\u201d has led to the \u201cDot.com\u201d bust in late 1990s but today, information technology is still the most profitable business. For example, Apple is now the largest and most profitable company, bigger than Exxon-Mobile Oil Company and more profitable than any finance or trading companies in the world. Among the list of the ten richest people on earth, seven come from information technology. Two third of the millionaires in the world also come from information technology. Few years ago, these millionaires come from the U.S and Europe, now most of them come from India and China. The most interesting fact is 80% of these super rich are young and self-made IT millionaires who are using their knowledge and skills rather than depend on family connection or wealth heritage.<\/p>\n

According to a government study, there are approximately 15 million IT workers in the world today but the current demand is about 20 million, so there is a shortage of 5 million IT workers. The study predicts that as more companies will use IT as the main driver function and push the demand to 25 million IT positions needed by the year 2020. However, current university systems can only produce up to 18 million IT workers at the maximum, which will bring the shortage to about 7 million workers. Even with the ambition of India to produce 2 million IT workers per year and China\u2019s five-year plan to produce 1.5 million IT workers by 2020, it remain to be seen whether supply can meet demand or not.<\/p>\n

According to U.S government report, IT industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Its growth is predicted to continue for another twenty more years as the demand continue to soar upward. Job opportunities in IT are excellent for its workers, with the highest salary among university graduates. As more companies are relying on information technology, demand for IT workers will continue. The report stated that the fastest growth is in the maintenance of network and computer security.<\/p>\n

A security specialist is one of the new positions in IT. This is a specialty area that requires an advanced degree such as Master or Ph.D. Currently the industry need more security specialists to asses IT system’s vulnerability and implement security measures. In addition, more software developers will also be needed to develop new antivirus software, programs, and procedures. Therefore, employment of security analysts, software engineers, and consultants in areas such as disaster recovery services, security programming, and systems security has risen rapidly.<\/p>\n

The demand for networking and the need to integrate hardware, software, and communications technologies will drive the demand for software engineer with architect and integration skills. The expansion of the Internet and the proliferation of wireless technologies have created new demand for a wide variety of products and services. For example, the expansion of the wireless Internet has brought a new aspect of mobility to information technology by allowing people to stay connected to the Internet by smart phone anywhere, anytime. As businesses and individuals become more dependent on this new technology, there will be an increasing need for workers that design and integrate computer systems, so that they will be compatible with mobile technologies. The IT industry has sent an urgent request to several universities asking them to have training courses in mobile applications, such as programming using Apple or Android platforms to meet the new demand.<\/p>\n

The healthcare industry, in addition, is expected to increase its use of information technology. The adoption of mobile health, e-prescribing, electronic health records, and other IT platforms tools will push demand for computer systems design services. The demand for custom programming services should also increase as the popularity of open-source software and service-oriented architecture (SOA).<\/p>\n

Given the rate of growth expected for the entire IT industry, most IT areas will continue to grow rapidly. The most rapid growth will occur among network systems and data communications analysts. The growing use of sophisticated computer networks and Internet and intranet sites, and the need for faster, more efficient networking products will increase the demand for their services. Other rapidly growing occupations include computer software engineers, database administrators, and network and computer system administrators. Business and financial operations occupations will also see rapid growth as information technology has become a vital aspect of business. Because of the larger and more complex systems and new technologies, the job market has switched rapidly in hiring of workers with at least a bachelor\u2019s degree or even higher. Today global market has dictated the need for more distributed IT workers, people who have technical knowledge as well as soft-skills and foreign language skills.<\/p>\n

Given the rate of IT growth all over the world, job opportunities should be excellent for qualified IT workers. The best opportunities will be in specialist occupations, reflecting the continuing demand for the high-level skills that are needed to keep up with changes in technology. To IT workers who are working, continuous education is needed as it is the only way to keep advancing their careers. To students who are still wondering about what to study, they need to know about the potential and possibilities of having stable and good career in the IT industry. They need to select the right university, the right program that have training in alignment with IT industry needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1463"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1464,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1463\/revisions\/1464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}