{"id":1461,"date":"2013-07-02T16:36:03","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1461"},"modified":"2013-07-02T16:36:03","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:36:03","slug":"dinh-huong-nghe-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1461","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, d\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 QU\u00c1 KH\u1ee8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi mu\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 sau v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n “\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p” v\u1edbi “t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m”.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t ra chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd hay ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn, lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec hay h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u1ecd n\u00ean ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec, c\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u00e2y ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh “th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh” c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng “th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m” tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng anh ta th\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecdn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh ta li\u1ec7u anh ta c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 anh ta n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng anh ta th\u00edch ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00edch th\u00fa. T\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u200e r\u1eb1ng anh ta ch\u1ecdn khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui ri\u00eang.\u201d Anh ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng ch\u01a1i piano v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 b\u1ea9y \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 nghe nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u00e0 anh ta b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: \u201cN\u1ebfu em kh\u00f4ng nghe theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p em ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u00fa vui ri\u00eang.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n hay \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng, h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Ng\u00e0y nay tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00f4ng may, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng coi k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 kh\u1ea9n t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1edbm v\u00e0 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m; l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, hay th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a r\u1ed3i, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p” hay b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef cho tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay co l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp; c\u00f3 v\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c cho b\u1ea1n \u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u? C\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u00ed do: Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Chuy\u1ec3n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “hai b\u1eb1ng”. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng trong Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 hai trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin; chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Web hay ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 (\u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video hay hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean trong kinh doanh v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c kinh doanh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c CNTT.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua th\u1eddi gian. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Career Planning<\/p>\n

Many students go to college, select a field of study, spend the next four years to study but do not think about careers or jobs until they graduate. That may work in the past but may not in current environment. The world is a much different place today than it was a generation ago. Job opportunities are also more competitive today than few years ago. If you do not plan your career earlier and select your field of study in alignment with the market demand, you may be in for a surprise. If you are lucky, you may find job in your field of study. It is possible that you may find job in area that has nothing to do with your education. Sometime, you may not find any job at all and you will be frustrated.<\/p>\n

When students go to college, they are often advised to select a field of study based on their ability and performance in high schools, which is their PAST but few receive guidance on planning a career, which is their FUTURE. Some schools do not consider career advising until much later and some students confuse \u201cCareer planning\u201d with \u201cJob finding\u201d.<\/p>\n

Career planning is a process that helps students to determine their strengths, weakness, aspirations, and ability to determine appropriated trainings for them to develop the knowledge and skills required to achieve their career objectives. Today, it is important that college students set career direction and goals as early as possible so they can select their field of study that can help them build a better career. Deciding on what to study, plan careers, and set goals requires a lot of efforts, research, and action by the student. It is their future and no one can do it for them or make decisions for them.<\/p>\n

Of course, if they plan to work in family business, whatever field of study they chose, what kind of degree they get may not be important because their parents will give them jobs anyway. If students do not know what they want or what they will do in the future, they should think about what they like, what excite them and select the field of study based on their interests. However, they need to consider the \u201cPractical\u201d aspect of their choice as well as the \u201cJob market\u201d potential before selecting their field of study. Few years ago, I had a very good student in my computer class but he liked music and wanted to select music as a field of study. I asked him whether he wanted to be a professional musician and he said no but he liked to play instruments as an enjoyment. I suggested that he selected computer science as the field of study: \u201cYou can get a good career as a computer engineer then you can play any instrument that you like as a hobby.\u201d He agreed and now works for a software company but plays piano on Saturday in a local coffee shop. I often stop by to listen to his music and he told me that he appreciates the recommendation: \u201cIf I did not listen to your advice, I probably could not find a good job that allows me to play music as a hobby.\u201d<\/p>\n

In this highly competitive world, students need to be more prepared. If they know what they want or what industry they like to work in, they should plan their career, set goals, and select the field of study that correspondent to their career goals. They need to prepare early to obtain scholarships, internships, summer jobs to get the necessary experiences so they would have better chance to get the job that they want. Today technical knowledge is NOT enough. Most companies prefer to hire graduates that have experiences as well as soft-skills. Unfortunately, some of these skills are not taught in schools. Many schools consider soft-skills are things that students must develop on their own, on their internship or on their summer job. Last year, Information Technology (IT) industry has sent an urgent letter to many universities suggested that soft-skills, especially teamwork, communication, and problem solving skills be taught in the program as requirements.<\/p>\n

I always advise students to plan their career early and align their field of study with it. Of course, you must select the field of study that interests you; the field that you know that you could does well, or challenge you to do well. There is no reason to select something that you do not like just because it has good future. Once you have made your selection, you need to identify a \u201ccareer path\u201d or a roadmap by doing research on the jobs available, identify market opportunities, and talk to people working in that field on what skills that you will need. If you are passionate and show interests in a career, industry people will be impressed and help you to set your career direction. You need to keep your knowledge up to date by reading technology news in area that interests you so you can identify trends on whether a field is growing or shrinking.<\/p>\n

Students need to look at specific area in a field of study. For example Information Technology (IT) is a very broad field. You have a choice to select Computer Science, Software Engineering, or Information System Management. Even you have selected an area to study; there are several specialties that you may want to build your career on. By asking advices from people who work in the industry, you can focus more on the area that give you the maximum benefits. For example, if you select Information System Management, do you want to specialize in network management, service management, or database management? Having advices from people in that area will help you to prepare better and by the time you graduate, you will not having difficulty finding good job.<\/p>\n

Of course, students often change their minds. There are several reasons: Either they lose the interest or they did not do well in that field. However switching field of study during school is better than continue to study something they do not like and feel miserable then graduate and cannot find jobs. Switching field of study is expensive in both time and money. That is why I often advise students to plan their career and select field of study carefully by doing thorough research to avoid expensive switching midway in their college years.<\/p>\n

If your field of study does not help your career by the time you graduate. If you could not find a suitable job then there is another choice. My advice is to take additional courses for a second degree in a field with better job opportunity. Today many colleges allow students to graduate in \u201cdual degree\u201d program. You may have a degree in Architecture and a second degree in Information System Management; specialize in Web design or Graphic arts (Video game graphic or special movie effect) that can utilize your artistic skills. Today there are a large numbers of students in business and banking switching to Information Technology (IT) because there are few jobs available in business area but a shortage of workers in IT field.<\/p>\n

There is no perfect career or no perfect job as everything will change over time. Your field of study or your degree does not dictate what you will do for the rest of your life. It only provides the foundation that you can build upon to develop your knowledge and skills and prepare you for your career. It also helps you to develop your own character as you are maturing into an educated person, a professional person, an ethical person, a responsible person, and a good citizen. That is the ultimate goals of education.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, d\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1461"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1462,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461\/revisions\/1462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}