{"id":146,"date":"2013-06-17T18:18:10","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T11:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=146"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:09:11","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:09:11","slug":"thao-luan-trong-lop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=146","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u00edch b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3? M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1edf l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m mong mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, 20% \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd tham gia n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft l\u00ed do v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean website c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp hay trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng bu\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1edbp. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t trong ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean l\u1edbp (nh\u01b0, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, hay th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v.v.) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3 trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc, gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdc qua th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hay t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00ec c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00fang v\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o bi\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y khi sinh vi\u00ean tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n tham gia v\u00e0o; nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy ngh\u0129 hay chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng chia l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf g\u1ed3m ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tranh c\u00e3i. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i. Tranh c\u00e3i trong l\u1edbp l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n th\u1eed k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

Discussion in class<\/p>\n

A teacher wrote to me: \u201cI like your articles about the \u201cActive learning\u201d method but how can I encourage students to read before the class and learn from it? Although this method seems to be simple, but I do not know how to apply it to my teaching? Please help.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: You need to explain clearly about the active learning method and your expectations at the beginning of the class. You also need to explain on how you grade students in your class so they know that by following the process, they will get the desired grade. For example, 20% of the grade is based on actively participate in class discussion. You need to let them know that they are learning technical knowledge by reading and developing soft skills by participate in class discussion. Students will participate if they know the reasons and how it benefits them.<\/p>\n

Reading materials should be placed in a class website or if textbooks are used, you must clearly identify which chapter to read before each class. Students read what is assigned, then choose and describe one of the three aspects in class (i.e., the concepts, issues, or factual information, etc.) and they must explain their choices why do they choose it during the class discussion. In the beginning, you may want to start with some simple concept to get students engage and be familiar with the new learning method. Do not overwhelm them with so much reading materials, keep it simple to encourage them then increase the amount of reading with time. For example, I often have them read about the software development lifecycle, especially the waterfall model then move to the other models such as incremental and spiral then have them compare and contrast the differences.<\/p>\n

Students are encouraged to identify issues in the assigned reading that they do not understand and ask questions during the discussion. They may briefly discuss why these issues are difficult or why they do not understand them. Some questions may be explained or answered by other students during discussion as different students have different understanding of the reading. Of course there are issues that most students may have difficulty and knowing which part of the reading are difficult will help teacher to spend more time explaining them as they reflect the level of understanding among the whole class. Sometime, students may ask questions that go beyond the reading assignment. In that case, the question reflects students’ curiosity about the topic and reveals what they think are the implications of the reading content. These types of question will allow teacher to know how well students understood the reading assignment.<\/p>\n

I often surprise at the impact of this learning activity when students are fully engaged and passionate about the topics. Once the discussion is established, you will see more students participate; more students are asking and answering questions among themselves. That is how they actively learned by their own engagement and empowerment. Class discussion is how do you judge their responses and determine the degree of thoughtfulness or in-depth about the materials. When class discussion is becoming a normal situation, I often divide the class into small teams of three to five students and promote a debate. Instead of asking question for discussion, they analyze a situation or issues and bring to class for debate. Classroom debate increases the level of active learning among students and promotes more teamwork activities.<\/p>\n

I encourage you to try this simple technique as it benefit student\u2019s learning and a practical way to encourage them to be actively responsible for their own learning in school.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u00edch b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=146"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":148,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146\/revisions\/148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}