{"id":1458,"date":"2013-07-02T16:32:59","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1458"},"modified":"2013-07-02T16:32:59","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T09:32:59","slug":"khung-swe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1458","title":{"rendered":"Khung SWE"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a CMU cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Software Engineering: (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khung – Framework guidance), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c , Nh\u1eadt, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u qua c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa CMU v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qui tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1) N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (Tri th\u1ee9c chung & nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c)<\/b><\/p>\n

a. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (k\u0129 n\u0103ng)<\/p>\n

b. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Tri th\u1ee9c)<\/p>\n

c. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) Th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, Gia t\u0103ng, Xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c, Agile v.v.<\/p>\n

d. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng, song song v.v.)<\/p>\n

e. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, s\u1eeda \u0111\u00fang v.v.)<\/p>\n

f. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m) vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecdc, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v.v.<\/p>\n

2)<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai (Tri th\u1ee9c chung & nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c)<\/b><\/p>\n

a. \u00a0Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (k\u0129 n\u0103ng)<\/p>\n

b. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3)<\/p>\n

c. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed)<\/p>\n

d.\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v.v.)<\/p>\n

e.\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, theo d\u00f5i v\u1ebft, v.v.)<\/p>\n

f.\u00a0\u00a0V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, r\u1ee7i ro v.v.)<\/p>\n

3)<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba (\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/b><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3, quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac & Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (\u0110\u1eb7c t\u1ea3, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, giao di\u1ec7n, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v.)<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (D\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, t\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong t\u1eebng pha)<\/p>\n

d.\u00a0\u0110o & \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o (thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v.)<\/p>\n

e.\u00a0T\u00edch h\u1ee3p (c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau)<\/p>\n

f.\u00a0C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay nh\u00fang (ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c)<\/p>\n

4)<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p)<\/b><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0Capstone (d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c do c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p giao)<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0K\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m (v\u00e0i l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng)<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng & c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0110\u1ecdc tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh SWE c\u1ee7a CMU<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Qui tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>Qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>M\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Siinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

2. Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u qua ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi cho v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, n\u00e2ng cao qua l\u1eb7p, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo pha, xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecdi pha c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi cho cho v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

3. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, d\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sinh, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edf, v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hay b\u1ed9 sinh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh l\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 sinh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho sinh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 sinh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 sinh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a sinh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

4. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec (ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa). So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

5. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed trao \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Chu\u1ea9n cho tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

6. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. <\/i>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1eebng pha c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u1edbi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110o v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 an ninh, an ninh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: c\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

8. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ed5 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n: ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qui tr\u00ecnh, l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean: ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5, t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, sau khi h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

10. Kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed\/\u00edch l\u1ee3i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed. L\u1eadp ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0, doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, cho v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

12. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 1 (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>Qui tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

13. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 2 (\u0110\u1eb7c t\u1ea3)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, n\u1ed9i dung, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3. Chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. C\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00fang, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 theo thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hay d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u trong ch\u00fang. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

14. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb cho hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c cao, c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1eb7p. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

15. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00ednh m\u00f4 \u0111un, t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ed ph\u00e1p hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, n\u1ebfu s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, n\u1ebfu s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

16. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 sinh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>M\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

17. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v.v. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfm th\u1eed. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed; chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

18. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: <\/i>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u: k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

19. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u00fang<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u00fang. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chia th\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng. Song h\u00e0nh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n song h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. T\u00ednh g\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 dung sai. C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u00fang. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00ed ng\u1eaft, v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, song h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chia th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eadc cao.<\/p>\n

20. Giao di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: <\/i>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i \u1ea3o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ee5m m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u00ednh v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thao t\u00e1c vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, d\u00f9ng m\u1ea7u trong hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/i>Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra giao di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Capstone) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 30% th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. C\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mau l\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf trong qu\u00e3ng ba t\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n capstone – l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi pha v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt. Capstone c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SWE framework<\/p>\n

The goal of the Software Engineering degree is to produce a software engineer who can rapidly assume a position of substantial responsibility within an organization. To achieve this goal, the curriculum must be designed to give the student a strong foundation of knowledge and practical skills that includes the software engineering process activities, software development lifecycle, various software development methodologies and tools, so they can develop quality products that meet the need of users.<\/p>\n

1)<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First year (General knowledge & Comprehension)<\/b><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Programming language and data structure. (Skills)<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software process (Knowledge)<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software Lifecycle (The evolution of software) Waterfall, Incremental, Spiral, Agile etc.<\/p>\n

d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software methods (various method concepts from design, code, reuse, parallel etc.)<\/p>\n

e.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software maintenance (Modify, adaptive, corrective etc.)<\/p>\n

f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Technical communication (Soft-skills) writing, reading, terminology, presentation etc.<\/p>\n

2)<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Second year (General knowledge & Comprehension)<\/b><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Programming language (Skills)<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software configuration management and software quality assurance (Support activities)<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software Testing (Several concepts and test methods)<\/p>\n

d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software project management (planning, and monitoring etc.)<\/p>\n

e.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software economics (Estimates, budget, plan, track etc.)<\/p>\n

f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software operation (Issues, personnel, risks etc.)<\/p>\n

3)<\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third year (Application, synthesis, analysis)<\/b><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Requirements Engineering (Analysis, specification, customer relations, market analysis)<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Architecture & Design (Specification, plan, design, interfaces, quality attributes etc.)<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Implementation (A mini project to practice from req. to code, each week is review a topic in each phase)<\/p>\n

d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Measurement & Metrics (data collection and analysis, action, reports, status, quality etc.)<\/p>\n

e.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Integration (How to put everything together)<\/p>\n

f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Database or embedded (Choice between two area)<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth year (Mostly Practicum \u2013 Evaluation and integration)<\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Capstone (Real project given by industry)<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Soft-skills (Several workshops with various topics)<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Market & industry trends (Read news and discuss)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMU’s SWE curriculum<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

1. The Software Engineering Process<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>The software engineering process and software products. All of the software engineering activities. The concepts of software process model and software product life cycle model. The disciplines and benefits of following a defined process.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>All aspects, as appropriate for the various activities.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge of activities and aspects. Some comprehension of the issues, especially the distinctions among the various classes of activities. The students should begin to understand the substantial differences between programming, and software engineering, as it is practiced professionally in the industry.<\/p>\n

2. Software Evolution (Lifecycle)<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>The concept of a software product life cycle. The various forms of a software product, from initial conception through development and operation to retirement. Controlling activities and disciplines to support evolution. Planned and unplanned events that affect software evolution. The role of changing technology.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Models of software evolution, including development life cycle models such as the waterfall, iterative enhancement, phased development, spiral.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the models. Knowledge and comprehension of the controlling activities. Students should know all phases of the lifecycle in details and be able to follow it from requirements to retirement of software products.<\/p>\n

3. Software Generation (Models and Methods)<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Various methods of software generation, including designing and coding from scratch, use of reusable components (including examples such as Mathematical procedure libraries, packages designed specifically for reuse, generic program units, open source software, and program concatenation as with pipes, use of program or application generators and very high level languages, role of prototyping. Factors affecting choice of a software generation method. Effects of generation method on other software development activities, such as testing and maintenance.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Models of software generation. Representations for software generation, including design and implementation languages, very high level Languages, and application generators. Tools to support generation methods, including application generators.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the various methods of software generation. Ability to apply each method when supported by appropriate tools. Ability to evaluate methods and choose the appropriate ones for each project.<\/p>\n

4. Software Maintenance<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Maintenance as a part of software evolution. Reasons for maintenance. Kinds of maintenance (perfective, adaptive, corrective). Comparison of development activities during initial product development and during maintenance. Controlling activities and disciplines that affect maintenance. Designing for maintainability. Techniques for maintenance.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Models of maintenance. Current methods.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the issues of software maintenance and current maintenance practice.<\/p>\n

5. Technical Communication (Soft-skills)<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Fundamentals of technical communication. Oral and written communications. Preparing oral presentations and supporting materials. Software project documentation of all kinds. Teamwork communication, public speaking, presentation skills.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Principles of communication. Document preparation tools. Standards for presentations and documents.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge of fundamentals of technical communication and of software documentation. Application of fundamentals to oral and written communications. Ability to analyze, synthesizes, and evaluates technical communications.<\/p>\n

6. Software Configuration Management<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Concepts of configuration management. Its role in controlling software evolution. Maintaining product integrity. Change control and version control. Organizational structures for configuration management.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Fundamental principles. Tools. <\/i>Documentation, including configuration management plans.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the issues. Ability to apply the knowledge to develop a configuration management plan and to use appropriate tools.<\/p>\n

7. Software Quality Issues<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Definitions of quality. Factors affecting software quality. Planning for quality. Quality concerns in each phase of a software life cycle, with special emphasis on the specification of the pervasive system attributes. Quality measurement and standards. Software correctness assessment principles and methods. The role of formal verification and the role of testing. Secure coding, security as quality.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Assessment of software quality: appropriate measures. Tools to help perform measurement. Correctness assessment methods, including testing and formal verification. Formal models of program verification.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of software quality issues and correctness methods. Ability to apply proof of correctness methods.<\/p>\n

8. Software Quality Assurance<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Software quality assurance as a controlling discipline. Organizational structures for quality assurance. Independent verification and validation teams. Test and evaluation teams. Software technical reviews. Software quality assurance plans.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Current industrial practice for quality assurance. Documents including quality assurance plans, inspection reports, audits, and validation test reports.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of quality assurance planning. Ability to analyze and synthesize quality assurance plans. Ability to perform technical reviews. Knowledge and comprehension of the fundamentals of program verification, and its role in quality assurance. Ability to apply concepts of quality assurance as part of a quality assurance team.<\/p>\n

9. Software Project Organizational and Management Issues<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Project planning: choice of process model, project scheduling and milestones. Staffing: development team organizations, quality assurance teams. Resource allocation.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Fundamental concepts and principles. Scheduling representations and tools. Project documents.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of concepts and issues. It is not expected that a student, after studying this material, will immediately be ready to manage a software project but understand the concept. They need additional trainings by taking additional courses in software economics, operational issues,<\/p>\n

10. Software Project Economics<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Cost estimation, cost\/benefit analysis, risk analysis for software projects. Factors that affect cost. Budgeting, planning and manage software in workplaces. Differences between private companies and government offices, public and private areas, small and large business.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Models of cost estimation. Current techniques and tools for cost estimation.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of models and techniques. Ability to apply the knowledge to tool use.<\/p>\n

11. Software Operational Issues<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Organizational issues related to the use of a software system in an organization. Training, system installation, system transition, operation, retirement. User documentation.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>User documentation and training materials.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the major issues.<\/p>\n

12. Requirements Engineering 1 (Analysis)<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>The process of interacting with the customer to determine system requirements. Defining software requirements. Identifying functional, performance, and other requirements: the pervasive system requirements. Techniques to identify requirements, including prototyping, modeling, and simulation.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Principles and models of requirements. Techniques of requirement identification. Tools to support these techniques, if available. Assessing requirements. Communication with the customer.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the concepts of requirements analysis and the different classes of requirements. Knowledge of requirements analysis techniques. Ability to apply techniques and analyze and synthesize requirements for simple systems.<\/p>\n

13. S Requirements Engineering 2 (Specification)<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Objectives of the specification process. Form, content, and users of a specifications document. Specifying functional, performance, reliability, and other requirements of systems. Formal models and representations of specifications. Specification standards.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Formal models and representations. Specification techniques and tools that support them, if available. Assessment of a specification for attributes such as consistency and completeness. Specification documents.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the fundamental concepts of specification. Knowledge of specification models, representations, and techniques, and the ability to apply or use one or more. Ability to analyze and synthesize a specification document for a simple system<\/p>\n

14. System Architect<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>The role of system architect and software design. How architecture fits into a life cycle. Software as a component of a system. Hardware vs. software; trade-offs for system performance and flexibility. Subsystem definition and design. Design of high level interfaces, both hardware to software and software to software.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>System modeling techniques and representations. Methods for system design, including object oriented design, and tools to support those methods. Iterative design techniques. Performance prediction.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Comprehension of the issues in system design, emphasizing engineering trade-offs. Ability to use appropriate system design models, methods, and tools, including those for specifying interfaces. Ability to analyze and synthesize small systems.<\/p>\n

15. Software Design<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Principles of design, including abstraction and information hiding, modularity, reuse, prototyping\u00b0 Levels of design. Design representations. Design practices and techniques. Examples of design paradigms for well understood systems.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Principles of software design. One or more design notations or languages. One or more widely used design methods and supporting tools, if available. Assessment of the quality of a design. Design documentation.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of one or more design representations, design methods, and supporting tools, if available. Ability to analyze and synthesize designs for software systems. Ability to apply methods and tools as part of a design team.<\/p>\n

16. Software Implementation<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Relationship of design and implementation. Features of modern procedural languages related to design principles. Implementation issues including reusable components and application generators. Programming support environment concepts.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>One or more modern implementation languages and supporting tools. Assessment of implementations: coding standards and metrics<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Ability to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate the implementation of small systems.<\/p>\n

17. Software Testing<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>The role of testing and its relationship to quality assurance. The nature of and limitations of testing. Levels of testing: unit, integration, acceptance, etc. Detailed study of testing at the unit level. Formal models of testing. Test planning. Black box and white box testing. Building testing environments. Test case generation. Test result analysis.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Testing principles and models. Tools to support specific kinds of tests. Assessment of testing; testing standards. Test documentation.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Knowledge and comprehension of the role and limitations of testing. Ability to apply test tools and techniques. Ability to analyze test plans and test results. Ability to synthesize a test plan.<\/p>\n

18. System Integration<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Testing at the software system level. Integration of software and hardware components of a system. Uses of simulation for missing hardware components. Strategies for gradual integration and testing.<\/p>\n

Aspects: <\/i>Methods and supporting tools for system testing and system integration. Assessment of test results and diagnosing system faults. Documentation: integration plans, test results.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Comprehension of the issues and techniques of system integration. Ability to apply the techniques to do system integration and testing. Ability to develop system test and integration plans. Ability to interpret test results and diagnose system faults.<\/p>\n

19. Embedded Real-time Systems<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Characteristics of embedded real-time systems. Existence of hard timing requirements. Concurrency in systems and representing concurrency in requirements specifications, designs, and code. Issues related to complex interfaces between devices and between software and devices. Criticality of embedded systems and issues of robustness, reliability, and fault tolerance. Input and output considerations, including unusual data representations required by devices. Issues related to the cognizance of time. Issues related to the inability to test systems adequately.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Comprehension of the significant problems in the analysis, design, and construction of embedded real-time systems. Ability to produce small systems that involve interrupt handling, low level input and output, concurrency, and hard timing requirements, preferably in a high level language.<\/p>\n

20. Human Interfaces<\/b><\/p>\n

Topics: <\/i>Software engineering factors: applying design techniques to human interface problems, including concepts of device independence and virtual terminals. Human factors: definition and effects of screen clutter, assumptions about the class of users of a system, robustness and handling of operator input errors, uses of color in displays.<\/p>\n

Objectives: <\/i>Comprehension of the major issues. Ability to apply design techniques to produce good human interfaces. Ability to design and conduct experiments with interfaces, to analyze the results, and to improve the design as a result.<\/p>\n

Project Experience Component<\/b><\/p>\n

Project work (Capstone) is essential to developing software engineering skills. We recommend that approximately 30% of students’ time be devoted to realistic project work. This curriculum component can be structured in a number of ways. By the time students enter third year, they need to start working on small projects in a teamwork environment. This is good to use agile approach to allow them to complete small project in about three to six weeks. By the time they enter the last year, it is important to capstone <\/i>project that covers most of the coursework, where they learn full development with all lifecycle phases in details. Capstone need to be developed cooperative with industry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a CMU cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Software Engineering: (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khung – Framework guidance), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1458"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1460,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458\/revisions\/1460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}