{"id":1438,"date":"2013-07-02T15:55:55","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1438"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:55:55","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:55:55","slug":"ki-nang-cua-ki-su-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1438","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a em sang k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y? C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n theo? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hay ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sang k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay kh\u00f4ng. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. M\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t” nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t, t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong ch\u00fang. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1ee9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t th\u00ec vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh khi h\u1ecd l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi “c\u00e1ch” h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3, th\u00f3i quen tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng may, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang, lu\u1ed3ng logic, v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n thay v\u00ec “c\u00e1ch” sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u201cc\u1ea9u th\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t d\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp, ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khu v\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ea5t qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1ea9y n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, tin t\u1ee9c, websites, blogs, wiki \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p trong g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m t\u1edbi gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ng\u1eafn cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft ch\u00fat \u00edt c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1i n\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. V\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Engineer’s skills<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cI have been thinking about changing my field of study to software engineering. What is involved in getting this degree? Is there a quick way to learn it? What is the best software method to follow? Is there lot of math and code or is it just enough to have some computer skills? How long does it take to become a software manager?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: You need to know why do you want to change your field of study to software engineering. Your motivation will determine whether you will be successful as a software engineer or not. Software Engineering is not difficult but it requires students to commit time and efforts to build their knowledge and skills. There is no quick way to learn it and no method to master without any effort. Every engineering field requires some fundamentals of mathematics. You also need logical thinking and ability to analyze and solve problems.<\/p>\n

There is no single \u201cbest\u201d method but many good ones, each is designed to solve a particular problems. If you study software engineering, you will need to learn many of them. Of course, you must write code. There is no way to study software without programming. It is the foundation of software where everything is built on it and depends on the type of project and your role that you may code more or less. If the requirements are clearly written, the solution is well designed than coding is easy and straight forward but if they are not, than the coding could be tough due to many changes and fixes. Software engineering is a field that requires a lot of practices. The more code you write the better programmer you will become. However, there is something that you need to pay attention. Most students develop their programming skills when they first learn to write code. If they are not learning on how to write code properly, they will develop bad habit. Many do not pay attention to \u201chow\u201d they code as long as it works so the more code they write, the habit become the way they work and it is very difficult to change. Unfortunately, some schools often focus on correct syntax, logical flow, and algorithms rather than \u201chow\u201d students write code. If the program works with correct outcomes than it is good enough. By the time student\u2019s graduate, they already have a habit on writing code. That is why there are good programmers and \u201csloppy\u201d programmers.<\/p>\n

My advice is to find a good university, attend all the classes, pay attention to lectures, do homeworks, and put more efforts to learn then you will do well in any field that you choose. It is also important to understand the difference between Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information System Management and Computer Engineering and select the appropriate area to study.<\/p>\n

Even after graduate, you will need several years to develop your skills and expertise. It is likely that you will start as a software tester or developer, and then with time and experience you will move up to team leader, system architect and project manager. On the average, it takes about five to seven years to move to management position. The more efforts you put in during your college years, the chance is you will do well and climb up to higher positions faster than others.<\/p>\n

To be a good software engineer, you have to be committed to a lifelong learning because technology always changes. It is important to develop a good habit of reading technical books, news, websites, blogs, wiki so that you keep broadening your technical knowledge. I have been a professional software engineer for almost forty years now but I still feel I have so much to learn. Today many students do not like to read, they prefer something quick, short so many develop a bad habit of knowing a little bit of this and that but nothing well enough. With shallow skills, they cannot advance their career further.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a em sang k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u1ea7n c\u00e1i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1439,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1438\/revisions\/1439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}