{"id":1435,"date":"2013-07-02T15:40:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1435"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:40:00","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:40:00","slug":"quan-li-cong-nghe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1435","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ea1c s\u0129 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh (MBA) n\u01a1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Harvard, Yale, Chicago, v\u00e0 Stanford \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc hay \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng may ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (IT) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec theo c\u00e1ch “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang”. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay v\u00ec theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi t\u1edbi th\u0103m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ‘hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1” c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c mua c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti \u201ct\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y\u201d. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cNh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y?\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf sao? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u00f4i. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0103n tr\u01b0a v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 “ngo\u1ea1i giao” nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee9 h\u1ecfi m\u00e3i. Sau khi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00e1u. V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y m\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed m\u1ed9t “th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y than: \u201cNh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 k\u00e9m do d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i tin c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea3 r\u1ee7i ro n\u1eefa. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bao qu\u00e1t, tham gia v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ecfi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Managing Technology<\/p>\n

There is a difference between managing people and managing technology. Today most training programs are focusing on the management of people. For example, the Master\u2019s of Business Administration (MBA) where a majority of managers are trained, have courses in marketing, finance, leadership, management and human resources. Recently some top schools such as Harvard, Yale, Chicago, and Stanford add courses in ethics and values after the financial crisis. However, there is no course or training in technology management. Unfortunately today most businesses are depending on information technology (IT) and many decisions have to be made based on the deep understanding technology and its nature. Without knowledge of technology and how to manage it, many companies made mistakes and it is difficult to recover.<\/p>\n

Today almost anyone in leadership in any industry needs knowledge of how to manage of technology in the 21st century. Adding a course in managing technology in the training program is important, but is NOT enough. The level of complex and sophistication of modern technology requires that executives need to be able to utilize technical people working in their organization. However, in my observation many company owners and senior managers tend to work with technical people that they feel comfortable with and this often means who agree with them. Therefore, these technical people may not be able to express their views or anything in an \u201cincorrect\u201d way. Therefore technical decisions are still being made according to management wishes rather than a correct way.<\/p>\n

Few years ago when I taught in China, I was invited to visit a large manufacturing company. The owner was proud to show me that he had \u201cmodernized\u201d his company by purchasing several million dollars worth of servers to be a \u201cCloud computing\u201d company. I was surprised: \u201cBut your company is a large textile manufacturing company. What does it has to do with cloud computing?\u201d The owner was also surprised: \u201cBut that is what cloud computing means, isn\u2019t it? Having more severs and wireless technology.\u201d I was about to explain to him but saw that several senior managers seemed uncomfortable so I stopped. My job was to teach at university as visiting professor, not a consultant. However few days later, the owner invited me to lunch as he wanted to ask more questions. I tried to be \u201cDiplomatic\u201d but as a very good owner he pressed on. After understand about cloud computing, he was furious. Few weeks later, He called me and told me that some senior managers have signed \u201cspecial business deal\u201d with a hardware company to buy a lot of servers and wireless technology devices and cost his company a lot of money. He lamented: \u201cAs you have explained to me, technology changes quickly, many of these hardware will become obsolete quickly and we have to replace them. This is a bad investment due to our ignorant of technology. We should outsource to a cloud computing service company to save cost rather than do it ourselves.\u201d<\/p>\n

Learning to work effectively with technology requires people who are well trained in managing technology. They may have different views from traditional management who are trained in finance and managing people. And this is why I believe company needs to hire people from the technology area to manage technology instead of relying on managers who may learn technology by reading newspaper articles.<\/p>\n

The increase of technology components in businesses offers great benefits, but also risks. In my view, most business managers are not well trained to deal with this risk. Better education and a strong knowledge of technology are required. Today senior managers need to have the ability to embrace, engage, and deal with the issue of technology and if they are not trained, they should find people who are. A good leader know how to bring in technical experts to help them understand the problem clearly, rather than rely on people whose knowledge is shallow but pretend to know everything. More than ever, there is an urgent need to have more information system managers in the business world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1435"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1437,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435\/revisions\/1437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}