{"id":1427,"date":"2013-07-02T15:34:29","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1427"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:34:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:34:29","slug":"cong-nghe-thong-tin-nhu-mot-chien-luoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1427","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh sinh l\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n “v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1edbi” b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111em c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ho\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay CNTT \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh “th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ea5y. V\u1edbi CNTT t\u00ednh v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay quan li\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thao t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c CNTT l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian, ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. CIO ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. CIO ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. CIO ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i \u0111a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. CIO ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. CIO ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, CIO kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, logic m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ef1c thi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed CNTT, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM).<\/p>\n

Ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n v\u00e9 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 v\u00e9 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 g\u1eedi t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 v\u00e9. Ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n v\u00e9 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ed1 v\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn bay, gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay. Tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ed1 v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n, gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ean hay xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n r\u1ed3i, gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u00edt v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n, gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. Qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn bay, m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 40% s\u1ed1 v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 75%. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e9 cho chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1, c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n 80% s\u1ed1 v\u00e9, \u0111i\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 l\u00ean v\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00ed do n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thao t\u00e1c gi\u00e1 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng; h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. C\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, xe bus c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng ti d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u00e1n l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kho. V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m kho x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ecdi tu\u1ea7n hay th\u00e1ng, l\u00fac c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7. Qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y hay v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m kho. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y hay m\u1ecdi gi\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng. H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd gi\u1eef theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n cho nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u00eam h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n t\u1ed1t, h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eedi gi\u00e1 m\u1edbi t\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n k\u00e9m, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kinh doanh ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 “v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1edbi” cho c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information technology as a strategy<\/p>\n

In the globalized world, business must rely on information technology (IT) to innovate and find new ways to grow. Today, company owners are beginning to realize that management alone can no longer assure the profitable and growth of a company. To remain competitive, company will need a \u201cnew weapon\u201d by bringing information technology into the vision and strategy of company to achieve business goals.<\/em><\/p>\n

Information Technology (IT) can be used to optimize operation efficiency, reduce costs, minimize risks, and accelerate business growth. It is a fact that today IT has evolved from its support role to become a strategic role. Company owners want more automation that are highly visible for them to make decision quicker but there are resistances among managers who do not want to be \u201cvisible\u201d because what they do can be seen by company owners. With IT their ineffectiveness or bureaucracy can be revealed so they try to manipulate the ways IT works to avoid being visible. This attitude will cost company a significant amount of time, waste efforts and money.<\/p>\n

To avoid this issue, company owners need to have better understanding of what IT can do. That is why recently the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) is elevated into executive position to help other executives to make decisions. The CIO has to decide which innovation technologies are appropriated for business by knowing the existing levels of company\u2019s effectiveness and efficiency. The CIO must determine which information technology can be used to examine the business opportunities, reduce risks, and improve strategy for growth. The CIO must know what technology can be used to maximize the use of company resources and reduce waste. The CIO must consolidate infrastructures and networks to facilitate internal communication and delivers customer data to executives for decision making. The CIO must encourage collaboration among business units within a company by collect data, analyze and report to company owners.<\/p>\n

Of course, the CIO cannot achieve all of that alone. He needs supports from his information system managers. During this transition toward a strategic role, the tasks of the information systems management also change. Information systems are no longer viewed as support for operational decisions, but rather in the achievement of company\u2019s objectives, and the competitive in the marketplace. It requires new thinking, new logic, and new way of managing information system. In the past, many information system managers were technical people who are trained in computer science but today, technical skills are NOT enough. To be effective, many must also have business skills, especially in the execution of the business strategy. Computer Science or Software Engineering do not teach these skills but this is a specialize area of IT managers who are trained in the Information System Management (ISM).<\/p>\n

Let us look into the case of an airline that uses information systems to increase the number of passengers and increase profits. Before the use of information system, airline sell tickets to passengers and number of ticket sale is collected daily, analyzed, and sent from one level of manager to another higher level for review. It may take several days to reach the owner to make decision whether to increase or decrease ticket prices. The delay in time during the changing market can cost the company some opportunities. By having information system collect data, analyze and report quickly, certain decision can be made in a matter of minutes. By having up to the minute report, company owners can make decision quickly and achieve business goals.<\/p>\n

Today airline information systems is designed to collect ticket sale data and compare it against a business rule so it can change ticket prices depending on the numbers of ticket sold. For example, several weeks before the flight, ticket price is kept low to attract people to buy tickets and to fill the seat on the airplane. Depending on the numbers of ticket sold, the price will be automatically adjusted up or down based on business formula sets by the owner. If more tickets are sold, the price will go up and if less ticket sold, the price will remain low. About one week before the flight, if it only has 40% of ticket sold but historically it usually had 75%. In that case the information systems are programmed to lower the ticket price to attract more people to buy tickets on that flight. By lower the prices, it competes with other airlines for passengers. If a flight has 80% which is higher than normal, it will increase the price since for whatever reason more people want to travel on that day. By allowing the information systems automatically manipulate the prices up and down; airlines can increase its profits. The same concept can be applied to hotel, transportation, buses as well as other service sector. An oil company can change the price at its retail station directly as oil prices change to ensure maximum profit.<\/p>\n

A retail store may have thousands of items to sell. The owner does not know which item is selling quickly and which item is not selling until they do an inventory. Traditionally, inventory happens every week or month where each item is counted by workers, data is collected, analyzed and report to the owner. The process may take several days or weeks. With the use of information technology, every item sold is collected immediately at the point of sale so there is no need for inventory. Every day or every hour, the owner knows exactly how many items are sold and how many are still remaining in the store. The information systems will keep track of all items based on a formula, programmed into the computer systems. When an item fells below a minimum number, the information system immediately send an order to the manufacturing for sending in more items. When an item is not sold well, the information system will alert the owner for a price reduction and automatically send the new price to newspapers to advertise the sale to attack more customers. By quickly adjust prices, order more best seller items and reduce price on poor selling items, the retail store can increase its profits significantly.<\/p>\n

The efficiency and effectively use of information systems as strategic tool to help improve company business goals are common in business today. It is the \u201cnew weapon\u201d of successful company to expand the market and eliminate competitors. To do that, it needs new thinking, new concept, and new types of manager who know how to design and implement information technology to solve business problems. It needs graduates in information system management (ISM) program.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1427"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1428,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions\/1428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}