{"id":1422,"date":"2013-07-02T15:22:19","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1422"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:22:19","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:22:19","slug":"quan-li-nguoi-ki-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1422","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, danh hi\u1ec7u “ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u0169 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng thu\u00ea hay sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sai, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n vai tr\u00f2 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m ba tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m: qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u00f3m. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i t\u1ed5, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 b\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. M\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh cho nh\u00f3m tu\u00e2n theo. Qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1edbp; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 theo c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tronh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb trong h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo l\u1ecbch, trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1eef nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 cho c\u00f4ng ti h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Managing technical people<\/p>\n

For many years, the title \u201cmanager\u201d is associated with the management of people. The role of a manager is based mostly from an old manufacturing concept that workers cannot do the work by themselves but need supervision, without management the works cannot be accomplished. The responsibility of a manager is giving workers direction, approves their works, controls budget of the group they are managing, and sometime hiring or firing workers.<\/p>\n

This concept is no longer valid in the information age with technical workers. Most of these workers are college educated and well trained to do their works. Therefore the role of managers has changed but few schools are teaching it. Many are still using the classical textbooks from the manufacturing era. With the wrong training, many managers are not effective so projects failed and companies did not achieve their business objectives. Basically the new role of the manager is not about telling workers what to do but motivate them to do their best and help them to overcome any obstacles that they are facing. The new manager\u2019s job consists of three responsibilities: People Management; Process Management; and Performance Management.<\/p>\n

People Management is about providing the vision and direction to the group. By definition, a group may consist of one or several teams, the group size may vary from fifty to five hundred people. Therefore, it takes the leadership of the manager to guide such a group to accomplish the business objectives. A good manager must understand group dynamic, knowing how to build a cohesive group by encourages the cooperation among teams within the group and group members. The manager must clearly explain the objectives of the group, its functions within the company and the reason why it exists. To be effective, the manager must be trained in team building and understand that the best decisions are made by the group not by any individual. Every group has some technical experts and manager must rely on them to come up with the technical decisions. However, before a decision is made, group members must get involved to ask questions, express their opinions, and propose options or alternatives. The information sharing may lead to new and better decisions. Since the final decision is based on the collective contribution of group members, they will support and commit to implement them.<\/p>\n

Process Management is about keeping consistency to the activities within the group to ensure quality of the work. A good manager must define processes for the group to follow. The group process may be based on the manager\u2019s knowledge, skills and experience and also in alignment with company policy so workers can follow them accordingly. The policy is the direction, the process is the road map, and the procedure is the guide. If these are not effectively managed there will be chaos. Without a policy, the group will be confused; without the process, the group will not moving in the same direction but do whatever they see fit; without procedure the group do not know how to do thing in a consistent manner but rely on their own intuitions. In that case, the group will drift like a leaf floating in the river with no direction. A group without process will be lost. They will struggle with implementations; activities will be in constant chaos then fail.<\/p>\n

Performance Management is about daily monitoring of the group progress in achieving its business objectives. A good manager must track the group\u2019s activities to make sure projects are on schedule, within budget and will meet business goals. A good manager must be trained to monitor actual progress and make adjustments if needed. It allows manager to hold the group accountable for their actions and also keeps company owners informed.<\/p>\n

It is important to note that well trained managers can bring a lot more to company than just the ability to manage people. By understand the issues of people, process and performance, a manager can help company achieve its business objectives in this competitive market.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, danh hi\u1ec7u “ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1422"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1423,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1422\/revisions\/1423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}