{"id":1417,"date":"2013-07-02T15:13:15","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1417"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:13:15","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:13:15","slug":"quan-li-hieu-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1417","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, tu\u1ef3 theo vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng ti v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u0111o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n, h\u1ee3p l\u00ed ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ti, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. V\u1edbi CIO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng ti bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v.v.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n; Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o; Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh; \u0110o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n; So s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n; Th\u01b0\u1edfng cho hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u; C\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cC\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i \u0111i 10% so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 qua th\u01b0 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung hay c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u00ean 10%\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti cho n\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi t\u00f4i.\u201d N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m. \u00d4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn 10%.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn 10%.\u201d<\/p>\n

D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “suy ngh\u0129 ao \u01b0\u1edbc” hay “kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng” v\u00ec d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 \u201cL\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d, \u201cL\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai v\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m hay ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o. Tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u; \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, chi ph\u00ed, c\u00e1i ra, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, thu nh\u1eadp, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n v.v. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u01b0\u1edfng cho hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t. C\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. C\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan li\u00eau v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ebf th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra. Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng; tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed; qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English verrsion—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Perfomance Management<\/p>\n

Performance management is about comparing the actual results against desired results and if needed, takes corrective actions. All managers are responsible for managing performance, depending on their roles and responsibilities they may have different perspectives. For example, an executive is concerned with the performance of the company measured by profits and growth. A director is concerned with the performance of a major business function in alignment with the company objectives as it may impact revenue and profit. A project manager is more concerned with the performance of the project to make sure that it meets the quality, cost, and time expectations.<\/p>\n

Performance is achieved by develop a plan, execute activities, measure these activities to collect actual performance against the plan and take corrective actions to ensure the execution achieve the desire results. For the executive, achieving profits and growth involves managing performance in several areas such as improving sales, streamline company process, reducing cost, and creating a strategy to deal with competitors. For the CIO and directors, achieving company objectives involves managing performance in areas such as automation, improve skills of employees, standardize organizational processes for consistency, ensure that IT systems are providing value to the business, and make sure that internal communication and collaboration are encouraged to improve efficiency etc.<\/p>\n

In theory, most text books defines performance management approach as: Plan the work and set expect desired results; Monitor the actual work performance by metrics; Develop the ability of workers to perform; Ensure that they follow the process; Measure workers performance; Compare actual results and desired results; Reward top performance; Take corrective actions when needed.<\/p>\n

However, in specific implementation, performance management requires all levels of management to clearly explain what is to be achieved to workers. They must d<\/strong>evelop vision, direction, and objectives in a plan that consists of specific goals for each level to be achieved and communicate it to all workers. It is important to set achievable goals that can be measured. A goal that cannot be measured cannot be achieved. For example: \u201cImprove quality of company products\u201d is an unachievable goal. A better goal should be specific such as \u201cImprove quality of company products by reducing numbers of defect by 10% against the average numbers of defect last year.\u201d<\/p>\n

Managers have to make detailed steps of what is involved in achieving the level of desired performance and explain to their workers. An executive can do it through memo but middle level or lower level managers should do it in person to make sure that everybody understands what they must do to support the achievement of the goal. For example a broad goal such as \u201cImprove company profits by 10%\u201d may seems irrelevant to most workers. They may think: \u201cI am just a worker and have nothing to do with the profit of the company so that goal has nothing to do with me.\u201d If they do not believe it, nothing will change. That is why it is important to have several discussions where manager can explain to workers about their contribution to the overall goal. For example a director may explain the important of a major product that company is developing and planning to sell at the end of the year. He may say: \u201cIf we complete this product on time with quality and be able to sell it during the end of the year, we can achieve the 10% profit goal.\u201d A project manager may say: \u201cOur software is a major function of the company\u2019s key product, if we are successful, we will be able to help our company to achieve the 10% profit improvement\u201d.<\/p>\n

It is easy to set goals and communicate to workers but without assigning people to implement it, nothing will be done. This is the common mistake that managers often made. They set good target but rarely pay attention to the implementation or assign workers to implement it. The common term in the industry is \u201cwishful thinking\u201d or \u201cslogan illusion\u201d as it is easy to say something but poorly execute it. I have seen many companies set goals such as \u201cBeing the best companies in the industry\u201d, \u201cBeing the best software company\u201d but never put anyone in charge or assign workers to do something about it. In that case nothing will change. In that case their managers fail the performance management responsibility.<\/p>\n

Every action needs skilled people, tools and budget to execute. An important factor of performance management is about the skills of workers. It is workers that execute the task so managers must select the most skilled workers to perform each task, and develop their competence by additional trainings to help them perform effectively. One of the questions that I often ask company about performance management is their training plan and data on how many people are trained to do the job. Without skilled workers to do the work, nothing can be achieved.<\/p>\n

Managers are often busy with their day-to-day routines and it is important that they take the time to develop performance plans and then review actual results against the plans. The main elements of the plan are measurements and metrics. Depending on the levels of management, different metrics may be used. For example at the project level, metrics could be the actual results against the plan on quality, cost and schedule; at director level, metrics could be the actual results of business functions against the plan on productivity, costs, outputs, quality; at the executive level, metrics could be actual results against the plan on profits, revenues, costs and market shares etc. Although measurements are the core of performance management but another important element is the follow-up on actions based on the review and provides rewards for good performance. In working environment, rewards play important part in motivating and sustaining good performance. Top performance companies often have good rewarding system such as stock options, bonus incentives for highly performance workers.<\/p>\n

Implementing performance management is not easy. Smaller company typically lacks the skills to do it. Larger companies tend to become bureaucratic with many layers of managers to implement a cohesive approach. That is why even everybody recognizes that performance management is a responsibility of today\u2019s management but few would do it. Most are still focus on managing people instead of managing process or managing performance. That is why so many companies failed in today\u2019s competitive environment.<\/p>\n

To be effective, strong leaderships are needed to ensure that these important responsibilities are not ignored. Performance management and process management are major responsibilities of all managers. They must not be allowed to become another routine with no clear results to show. According to several studies, performance management can provide benefits such as increasing revenues and growth; high customer satisfaction; reduce costs; efficient business processes; effective management; higher skilled workers but the most important is the flexibility and faster to change in the fast changing business world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1417"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1418,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1417\/revisions\/1418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}