{"id":1415,"date":"2013-07-02T15:11:24","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1415"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:11:24","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:11:24","slug":"quan-li-cong-nhan-ki-thuat-phan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1415","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 80,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong 25 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 72% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y 78% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u201cL\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u0103ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00ean l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n 78% ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong khi ch\u1ec9 28% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, 83% l\u00e0 do c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed3i d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng ti t\u1edbi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cQu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.”<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i theo d\u00f5i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i quanh c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Fredrick Taylor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1911 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u00e0y nay trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c. Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c thay v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng tay. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y hay ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eabn theo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Taylor v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Taylor v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ra l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t s\u00e1t sao nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u v\u1eady v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec hay c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Peter Drucker \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecd. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, theo d\u00f5i h\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y k\u00e8m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 trong k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1ecd. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00ec v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang hay nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111o, theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111o t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khi t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 huy, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. C\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Managing technical worker part 3<\/p>\n

A global survey of 80,000 workers in 25 countries found that 72% of workers complain about the lack of management skills in their country. However, the issue is that most managers do not know how bad they are at managing. The study found 78% of managers believe that they are doing good job and workers are satisfied with the way they are managed. This \u201cperception gap\u201d is critical because management capability will continues to be a major weakness in this highly competitive world.<\/p>\n

The study also found that many people are promoted into management because they are good technical workers but they often receive inadequate training or no training to do their job as managers. There are details of people who are good at what they do, get promoted into management and then fail because the role of manager is so different from the role of technical worker. Without proper training they do not know what to do. As a result, they have no idea of how their behavior impacts on others. The study found that more than 78% of managers believe that they do well while only 28% of workers agree. Among companies that filed for bankruptcy in the past five years, 83% was due to bad management who made poor decisions that led to company collapsed and hundreds of thousand workers lost their jobs. The study concluded: \u201cToo many managers have no management skills but instead have big ego and refuse to admit their mistakes.”<\/p>\n

In the industrial age, managers are trained to manage workers by tell them what to do, then follow up by walk around the factory to observe how workers do their jobs. By observing the works, managers are informed about the work progress, whether it is done correctly or not. This management method is based on the principles of scientific management of Fredrick Taylor developed in 1911 for uneducated workers with limited skills who worked in the factory. Today in the information age, most works are knowledge works. This kind of work is different from the traditional labor work of the past. For example, work such as software development is invisible to the manager. Basically, knowledge work is work with the mind rather than with the hand. The products, instead of being something you can see or touch are only ideas and concepts. The value is in the creative effort to transform ideas them into products that can be used by computers. This requires different way of managing but unfortunately management method is still follow Taylor\u2019s principles of command and control, therefore are not effective in managing project costs, schedules, or quality. However many business schools are still teaching Taylor\u2019s principles and most graduates are still believe that the job of manager is to managing people by giving orders and watch them do the work. I have seen managers work hard but still do not know what workers are doing or how they are doing it. In that case, they cannot manage their workers and if the work cannot be managed, it will fail.<\/p>\n

Few people understand that the problem is with management method, NOT the managers. The solution is not to replace the managers but to change the management method. Unless managers know what changes are needed and willing to learn new management method, things will not improve. Thirty years ago, Peter Drucker wrote that the role of managers is not managing knowledge work but it is the knowledge workers who must manage themselves. The role of manager is no longer telling them what to do, watching them doing it and control their works but must change into a coach, a mentor and an advocate for workers. To truly manage themselves, the knowledge workers must be trained in both technical and teamwork methods and they must be held responsible for producing their own plans, negotiating their own commitments, and meeting these commitments with quality products. The manager\u2019s job is to manage people by lead, motivate, support, and coach them to ensure that they are doing their best. In addition, they need to define a process with procedures to ensure that what they do is in alignment with company\u2019s objectives and measure their performance to make sure that goals are met.<\/p>\n

Software project should be managed this way. Instead of struggling to meet management\u2019s schedule, developers must negotiate their own commitments with management. The teams are responsible for their work, they know project status, and they have the data to estimates. When they see problems, they resolve them or get management\u2019s help. Furthermore, when the knowledge workers measure, track, and report on their work, the managers have the data to help them measure the effectiveness then the entire team including managers can work together to make the project successful and meet the business objectives. When knowledge-working teams have appropriate management, training, and support, they can work to meet cost, schedule commitments with high-quality products. If all projects are managed this way, it can produce a measurable knowledge-work process across the entire company and change the management system from command, control into collaboration and cooperation.<\/p>\n

What leaders and managers needed is to understand this new management method of managing people by coaching, mentoring and training in how to think strategically, and how to lead and challenge the people who work for them. People are the future leaders of the company. Successful companies focus on develop these individuals and ensure they have skills to meet future challenges.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 80,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong 25 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 72% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1415"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1416,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1415\/revisions\/1416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}